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기업의 소유구조가 자본구조에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Ownership Structure on Capital Structure of Firms

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 1999년 1월 1일부터 2008년 12월 31일까지 한국거래소의 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 소유구조가 자본구조에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였으며, 주요한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 대주주지분율이 증가할수록 대주주들이 이사회 참여를 통한 경영권 통제 등을 통하여, 부채사용을 감소시키는 방향으로 소액주주의 이익을 침해할 수 있다. 또한, 1대주주와 2대주주간의 지분율 차이가 증가할수록, 그리고 대주주들 간의 소유집중도가 증가할수록 부채비율이 감소한다. 경영자지분율은 부채비율에 ‘U자’형으로 비선형적인 영향을 미친다. 즉, 경영자지분율이 32% 수준까지는 부채비율이 감소하지만, 그 이상에서는 부채비율이 완만하게 증가한다. 그리고 소유자지배기업은 경영자지배기업보다 부채비율이 더 감소한다. 이러한 결과는 대주주들이 경영자나 이사회에 영향력을 행사하여 자신의 사적 이익을 추구하는 과정에서, 이자비용의 절세효과를 통해 기업가치를 증가시킬 수 있는 부채사용을 감소시키는 방향으로 소액주주의 이익을 침해할 수 있다는 대주주의 이익침해가설을 지지한다. 그러나 경영자는 자신의 지분율의 변동에 따라 기회주주의적으로 행동하므로, 이익침해가설 또는 경영자참호(안주)가설이 선택적으로 성립하는 절충가설을 지지한다. 결론적으로, 한국거래소의 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 기업들은 대주주와 경영자들이 소액주주의 이익을 침해할 가능성이 많다고 할 수 있다. 세부적으로 보면, 대주주지분율이 증가할수록, 1대주주와 2대주주간의 지분율 차이가 증가할수록, 그리고 대주주들 간의 소유집중도가 증가할수록 부채비율이 감소한다. 그리고 경영자지분율은 부채비율에 비선형적으로 영향을 미치고, 소유자지배기업은 경영자지배기업보다 부채비율이 더 감소한다. 따라서 우리나라에서도 대주주와 경영자가 소액주주의 이익을 침해하는 행위를 예방하고, 소액주주의 이익을 보호할 수 있는 제도적 장치와 소유집중도를 완화시킬 수 있는 지배구조 정책이 절실하다고 생각한다.

Abstract

In this paper, we analyse empirically the effects of ownership structure on capital structure of firms listed on Korea Securities Market and Kosdaq Market of Korea Exchange. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. Debt ratio decrease as large shareholder' equity holdings increase. Debt ratio decrease as the difference between first largest shareholder's and second largest shareholder's equity holdings increase, and Debt ratio decrease as the ownership concentration increase. Managerial ownership exert a non-linear effects on capital structure. So to speak, at lower level of managerial ownership managers hold lower level of debt to pursue their own interests at the expense of minority shareholders, but at higher level of managerial ownership the interests of managers and shareholders are aligned. Therefore, indicate a non-linear U-shaped relation between level of managerial ownership managers and leverage. Debt ratio decrease larger in owner-controlled firm than in management-controlled firm. These results support the expropriation of minority shareholders hypothesis that large shareholders can extract private benefits from corporate resources under their control at the expense of minority shareholders. This paper contributes to defining information value of large shareholder's equity holdings and managerial ownership on capital structure for a firms' other stakeholders such as investors and creditors, and to strengthening a legal and institutional safeguard for external minority shareholders. Ownership concentration might have negatively affected the evolution of the legal and institutional frameworks for corporate governance and the manner in which economic activity is conducted. It could be a formidable barrier to future policy reform.

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