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기술열위기업의 國際 R&D提携에 의한 吸收能力과 技術移轉 成果에 관한 實證硏究 - 航空機 共同 開發事業을 中心으로 -

An Empirical Study on the Absorptive Capacity and Technology Transfer Performance of International R&D Alliances by Learning Firms - Focused on Aircraft Co-development Program-

안영수
한국국제통상학회 (The Korean Association of Trade and Industry Studies)|2008.12|국제통상연구 (Journal of International Trade and Industry Studies)|제13권 제3호|pp. 147-195

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키워드

성과기술이전absorptive capacity관계자본relation capitaltechnology gap항공기지식기반aircraftknowledge baseR&D제휴자산특정성asset specificity흡수능력기술 갭기술유닛정보공유체계학습기업선도기업R&D Alliancestechnology unitstechnology sharing systemsstudent firmsteacher firms. technology transfer. performance
주제분류무역학

초록

본 연구는 R&D제휴에 있어서 흡수능력과 기술이전 성과에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 파악하는데 초점을 두었으며, 특히 기술 갭이 큰 기술열위 기업이 기술선도 기업과의 제휴를 통해 기술역량을 축적하는 과정에 연구중점을 두었다. 본 연구는 기술 열위기업이 기술 선도기업으로부터 새로운 기술을 흡수하는 데 있어서 영향을 미치는 핵심변수들을 파악하였다. 총 213개의 기술유닛을 대상으로 4개의 잠재변수그룹(기술특성, 제휴특성, 조직특성, 개인특성), 2개의 매개변수(개인적 흡수능력, 조직적 흡수능력), 그리고 6개의 잠재변수(교습성, 자산특정성, 상대방 기술보호, 관계자본, 정보공유시스템, 지식기반)로 구분하여 AMOS 통계모형을 이용한 구조방정식 모형으로 분석한 결과, 자산특정성 및 지식기반 잠재변수는 기술이전 성과에 영향력을 행사하였으며. 정보공유 및 지식기반 잠재변수는 개인적 흡수능력에 유의한 결과를 보였다. 또한 교습성과 관계자본 변수는 조직 흡수능력에 영향력을 행사하였으며, 개인적 흡수능력이 높아질수록 조직 흡수능력이 높아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로, 개인적 자산인 지식기반은 기술이전 성과, 및 개인적 흡수능력에 영향력을 행사하는 주요 변수로 확인되었으며, 교습성, 정보공유, 관계자본 변수는 성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 보다는 각각 매개변수인 개인적 흡수능력과 조직 흡수능력에 영향력을 행사하는 변수임이 확인되었다. 또한 높은 자산특정성은 경험이 일천한 기술 수용자의 경우 신기술 개발시 기술 이전 성과에 악영향을 초래할 수 있는 주요 변수임이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 개발경험이 일천한 후발자의 입장에서 전략적 제휴를 통해 선진 기술을 효과적으로 이전받아 장기적인 경쟁우위를 획득하는 데 있어서의 영향요인을 파악하는데 기여하였다. 본 연구는 지식기반과 흡수능력이 전략적 제휴를 통한 신기술 획득에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 강조하며, 특히 기존연구에서 간과하고 있는 개인적 지식기반 변수는 조직의 성과를 높이는데 상당히 중요한 요소라는 점을 확인하였다.

Abstract

This study focused on the search of the factors which have an effect on the performances by absorptive capacity and technology transfer on R&D alliances. Especially, this study focuses on how student firms obtain the technology capability from the teacher firms in the huge technology gap with them. This study searched for the key factors which influence to the student firms for absorbing new technology from teacher firms. Additionally, this study emphasize on the personal knowledge base which differentiated with other studies. Many studies stressed personal capabilities in organization, but they didn't measure personal knowledge base which is one of the major factors influencing technology absorption from partners or competitors. Using the 213 aircraft technology units, this study analysed by Amos statistical software program for the structural equation modeling. This analysis constituted by 4 latent variable groups(which are technology characteristics, alliance characteristics, organizational characteristics, and personal characteristics), 2 intermediate variables(which are personal absorptive capacity and organizational absorptive capacity) and 1 dependent variable. The 4 latent variable groups are divided into 6 latent variables which are teachability, asset specificity(which are technology characteristics group), technology protection of partner, relation capital with partner(which are alliance characteristics group), information sharing system in organization(which is organizational characteristics group) and knowledge base(which is personal characteristics group). As the result, asset specificity and knowledge base variables influence on technological performance, and teachability and relation capital as well as technology sharing systems and knowledge base variables act on personal absorptive capacity and organizational absorptive capacity individually. For obtaining efficiently new technology from partners, student firms make an effort for diminishing asset specificity from the first level of alliance, recruiting manpower on majority base. For increasing for the personal absorptive capacity from the partners, student firms exert themselves building and utilizing information sharing system and recruiting manpower on majority base. Finally, for increasing for the organizational absorptive capacity from the partners, student firms endeavor building relation capital with partners and obtaining easily teachable technology from partners. This study emphases on the importances of knowledge base and absorptive capacity for gaining new technology by strategic alliances.

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