무역상 기술장벽(TBT)이 한국의 교역에 미치는 영향
The Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Bilateral Trade: A Case of Korea
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최근 WTO 회원국들에 의한 신규기술규제 도입이 증가함에 따라 국제통상에 있어 무역상 기술장벽 (TBT)의 중요성이 점차 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 1995∼2009년의 산업별 데이터를 이용하여 TBT가 우리나라 무역에 미친 영향을 실증분석하였고, 개념적 분석틀을 통해 이를 면밀히 해석하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 대체적으로 우리나라의 무역은 TBT에 의해 단기적으로는 부정적인 영향을 받았지만, 장기적으로는 이들 효과는 사라졌고 또는 긍정적인 영향을 받은 것으로 전환되었다. 또한 산업별로 비교우위가 있는 산업 또는 경쟁력이 높은 산업에서는상대국의 TBT에 의한 부정적 효과를 상대적으로 덜 받는 것으로 나타났으나, 기술집약이 높은 산업 경우 부정적 효과를 더 현저하게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과는 TBT 현안의 보다 효율적인 대응이 필요한 우리나라 기업과 정부에 대해 유용한 시사점을 제공함과 동시에 기초자료로서 구체적인 근거를 제시할것이다.
Abstract
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) among various non-tariff barriers is becoming increasingly important as WTO members have adopted many technical regulations since 2004. Based on previous research and the conceptual framework, this paper empirically tests the effects of TBT on bilateral trade between Korea and its major trading partners, using the WTO TBT IMS and the UN COMTRADE data over the period of 1995-2009. Our empirical results show that TBT measures negatively affected trade between Korea and its major trading partners. In the long run, however, those negative effects disappeared or even turned into positive effects. The negative effects of TBT on exports are less prominent in sectors with comparative advantage and/or stiff international competition, and more prominent in high technology-intensive sectors. These contrasting effects of TBT on trade can be explained by the trade-off relationship between compliance costs and transaction costs for firms.
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