수출부가가치와 거래비용에 대한 세계투입산출 분석
An Analysis of Value Added in Exports and Transaction Costs Using World Input-Output Tables
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본 연구는 생산물세, 보조금, 국제운송마진 등의 거래비용을 제외한 수출부가가치를 세계투입산출표를 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한 본 연구는 수출부가가치를 Koopman et al.(2014)에 따라 중간재 및 최종재 수출에 따른 국내부가가치, 국내 재반입분에 포함된 국내부가가치, 교역상대국이 국내수출품을 가공하여 제3국에 수출하는 경우의 국내부가가치, 외국의 부가가치 등으로 분해하였다. 본 연구는 기존연구와 다르게 거래비용을 제외하고 수출의 부가가치를 분해함으로써 글로벌 가치사슬의 보다 본질적인 변화 패턴을 보여준다. 본연구는 기존 연구에 비해 국내부가가치, 외국부가가치, 제3국 수출에 포함된 국내부가가치 등에서 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 본 연구에서 수출 총액의 3.2~3.6%를 차지하는 거래비용을 고려하고 수출의 순부가가치를 산출하였기 때문이다. 이러한 연구결과는 글로벌 가치사슬을 효과적으로 활용하기 위해 생산요소의 자유로운 이동을 저해하고 있는 국내 규제를 개선할 필요성을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study decomposes the value added in gross exports into its components including domestic value added, returned value added in exports, value added reexported to third countries, and foreign value added, using the World Input-Output Tables. We exclude the transaction costs such as net taxes on products and transportation costs for this study, which accounts for about 3 percent of total gross world exports from 1995 to 2011 on average. The results from this study reveal that domestic value added in gross exports has been smaller while the share of foreign value added in gross exports has been larger. In addition, the share of transaction costs has been increased from 1995 to 2011. Specifically, the world average of domestic value added in gross exports decreased from 83.5 percent to 78.3 percent while the share of transaction costs increased from 3.2% to 3.6% during the same period. This result reveals that domestic parts and raw material have been utilized for exports in a relatively small degree, while imported foreign components have been utilized for exports in a relatively large degree. This result also imply that improvement of domestic regulations are urgently needed to facilitate free movement of production factors and to efficiently utilize global value chains.
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