무역의 고용 및 부가가치유발효과 분석
Economic Effects of Trade on Employment and Value Added
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초록
본 연구는 최근 심화되고 있는 글로벌 가치사슬을 포착하기 위해 세계투입산출표(WIOT)와 사회경제계정(SEAs: Socio-Economic Accounts)을 이용하고, 1996∼2009년 기간중 세계 주요 15개국 및 20개 산업별로 무역의 고용 및 부가가치유발효과를 분석하였다. 주요 분석결과를 보면 첫째, 우리나라 수출의 고용유발구성비는 지속적으로 증가하지만 고용유발계수는 빠르게 하락하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 우리나라의 수출구조는 노동절약적인 방향으로 변화되는 가운데, 고급노동 보다는 중·저급노동을 상대적으로 더 유발하는 효과를 가지고 있다. 셋째, 우리나라 수출의 부가가치유발구성비는 주요 선진국에 비해 높지만 수출의 부가가치유발계수는 상대적으로 낮다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of trade on employment and value added by country as well as industry over the period 1996～2009, utilizing the World Input Output Tables and the Socio-Economic Accounts in order to capture the deepening global value chain. The empirical results reveal that Korea’s share of employment induced by exports to the total employment has increased steadily, while employment inducement coefficient of exports for Korea tended to decrease during the period from 1996 to 2009. In addition, the composition of Korea’s export products turns out to be more labor saving, inducing medium- skill as well as low-skill labor more than high-skill labor. The results also indicate that Korea’s share of value added induced by exports to the total value added has been higher than the developed countries, but value added inducement coefficient of exports for Korea has been relatively low.
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