글로벌 가치사슬 참여와 비교우위
Global Value Chain Participation and Comparative Advantage
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초록
본 연구는 글로벌 가치사슬(Global Value Chains) 참여가 제조업의 비교우위에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 글로벌 가치사슬의 형성과 심화로 재화는 국경을 수차례 넘나들면서 생산되기 때문에 외국 부가가치를 포함하고 있는 총수출(gross exports)은 국가-산업의 수출 성과를 적절하게 나타내지 못한다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 본 연구는 2016년 출시된 세계투입산출표(world input-output table)를 이용하여 양자 간 총수출을 국내 부가가치, 외국 부가가치 및 환류 부가가치로 분해하고, 수출 성과를 부가가치 수출로 측정한다. 글로벌 가치사슬 참여가 비교우위에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증분석에서 누락변수 편의와 동시성으로 인한 내생성의 문제를 통제하기 위해 다양한 고정효과모형을 적용하고 시차변수를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 글로벌 가치사슬 참여가 비교우위에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 전방 참여(forward participation)와 후방 참여(backward participation)가 비교우위에 미치는 영향은 서로 달랐는데, 전방참여는 부가가치 수출에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 반면 후방참여는 부가가치 수출을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 선진국과 개도국으로 분리하여 분석한 강건성 검증(robustness check)에서도 동일하게 나타났다.
Abstract
This paper empirically investigates the impacts of global value chain (GVC) participation on comparative advantage. Using World Input Output database we decompose gross exports into domestic value-added and foreign value-added components. To avoid endogeneity arising from omitted variables and simultaneity, we include various fixed effects and use lagged measures of the GVC participation. We find that the GVC participation is positively associated with comparative advantage. In particular, we find that the impacts of the forward GVC participation on comparative advantage are positive, but those of the backward GVC participation are negative. These estimation results are robust to the sample restrictions dividing exporters into developed and developing countries.
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