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관세인하의 总要素生产性 효과: 중국 제조업 기업 데이터를 이용한 분석

The Effects of Tariff Reduction on Total Factor Productivity: Analysis using Firm level Data of the Chinese Manufacturing Sector

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주제분류무역학

초록

본 연구는 1998년~2007년 기간의 중국 통계청 『공업기업 데이터 베이스』의 제조업 기업 패널자료를 이용하여 산출품관세(Output Tariff)와 투입품관세(Input Tariff)의 인하가 개별 기업의 총요소생산성(TFP)에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 분석결과에 따르면, 첫째, 중국은 WTO 가입 이후 적극적으로 관세인하를 추진한 결과 대부분 품목의 세율이 낮아졌고 산업 간 세율 격차도 줄어들었다. 둘째, 전 기간 생산성 연평균 증가율이 3.2%이며 여기에 기업내 효과가 56%를 설명하며 전체 생산성 증가에 제일 크게 기여하였다. 셋째, 산출품 관세율 및 중간 투입품 관세율이 낮을수록 개별 기업의 TFP 증가율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 투입품 관세율의 인하효과가 산출품관세율 인하효과보다 더 크게 나타났다. 즉, 간접적 경쟁압력 경로로 작용하는 산출품관세의 인하효과보다 투입품 관세율이 인하로 인한 직접적 투입비용 절감효과가 중국기업의 TFP 증가율에 더 크게 기여한 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of tariff reduction from the perspective of firm total factor productivity(TFP). We define two variables, named input tariff rates and output tariff rates to characterize the tariff level. The output tariff rates are calculated by using highly disaggregate products, and further the input tariff rates are calculated based on input-output table. And then conduct an empirical study by using firm level panel data on Chinese manufacturing during 1998-2007 period. The major results are as follows: First, China has actively promoted tariff reductions to fulfill its commitments to the WTO. Tariff rates for most products have been reduced and the rate gap between industries has also been reduced. Second, the TFP growth per year is about 3.2% on average, among which the with-in effect contributes 56%, the largest to productivity growth. Third, import tariff reductions has significantly promoted increase of Chinese manufacturing firms’ productivity, and the cost saving effect of input tariff reductions appears to be greater compared to the competition effect caused by output tariff reductions.

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