한국의 공급망 통상 정책 검토
An Analysis on Korea’s GVC Trade Policy
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글로벌 공급망 이슈가 국제통상의 중심의제로 부상하고 있다. 팬데믹과 우크라이나 전쟁 등으로 발생하는 공급망 교란과 미중 기술패권경쟁과 자국 생산역량강화 정책에 따른 공급망 재편이 일어나고 있다. 자원이 부족하고 내수시장이 작은 한국으로서는 핵심광물 수급 등 공급망의 안정화와, 공급망 및 판매망에서 소외되지 않는 것이 중요한 정책 목표로 떠오르고 있다. 한국은 핵심광물 부국과 공급망 MOU, TIPF, FTA 등을 통해 광물 수급처를 다변화 및 안정화하고, MSP, IPEF 등 복수국간 공급망 규범 참여, WTO 수출제한금지 규정 활성화 등을 통해 공급망 안정화를 도모해야 한다. 또한 각종 통상채널을 통해 각국의 공급망 재편정책에 반도체, 배터리 등 우리 핵심 산업에 대한 입장을 반영해야 하고, RCEP이나 CPTPP 등 메가 FTA를 활용하며, 공급망이 효율적이고 원활하게 작동할 수 있도록 WTO 관련 보조금 규제 움직임 등도 강화하여, 공급망 및 판매망에서 우리 수출․ 투자 기업이 소외되지 않도록 노력해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Global Value Chain(GVC) is emerging as a main agenda for international trade. The COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukraine conflicts are causing supply chain disruptions. The competition for technological supremacy between the U.S. and China and policies to build up their production capacities are leading to the GVC reconfiguration. Against this backdrop, Korea has adopted maintaining stable and resilient supply chains while being integrated into the reshaping GVC as its main trade policy objective, given the country is not rich in natural resources and its domestic market is relatively small. Korea needs to diversify its supply sources through bilateral supply chain MOUs and FTAs with major mineral-rich countries and make more efforts to reflect Korean industries’ interests in trade partners’ GVC policies through various bilateral trade channels. Korea also should promote supply chain stabilization by participating in plurilateral initiatives such as Indo-Pacific Economic Framework and Mineral Security Partnership, and rely on mega FTAs such as RCEP and CPTPP not to be excluded from GVCs and global markets. Revitalizing WTO functions including restoring WTO dispute resolution procedures should be pursued, too
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