EU에서의 저작권법 개혁방향에 대한 연구
A Study on the Improvement of Copyright Law in EU
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EU 집행위는 유럽 내 디지털 시장의 각종 규제 장벽을 헐고, 28개국의 단일시장화를 추진하는 디지털단일시장 전략(Digital Single Market Strategy)을 발표하였는 데, 동 전략은 유럽 내 디지털 제품과 서비스의 소비자와 기업의 접근성 제고, 디지털 네트워크와 혁신적인 서비스 활성화에 적합한 조건과 공정경쟁 시장 조성, 디지털 경제의 성장 잠재력의 극대화 등 3대 중점분야로 구성되어 있다. 이는 통신규제, 저작권, 세제, 배송시스템, 공정경쟁 촉진 및 소비자 보호, 개인정보 보호, 표준 및 호환성, 디지털 교육 및 전자정부 활성화 등 광범위한 분야의 16개 전략을 포함하고 있다. 특히 디지털 콘텐츠 접근성 제고를 위해 저작권법 개정작업 추진중이며, 2015년 말까지, 국가 저작권 제도간 차이를 줄이고, EU전역 사용자들의 온라인 작품 접근성을 확대하며, 회원국별로 상이한 저작권 예외조항에 따른 법적 불확실성 해소하고, 저작권 침해에 대한 균형 있고 효율적인 구제조치 마련하고자 한다. EU는 디지털단일시장 전략을 통해 그동안 구글, 페이스북 등 미국 인터넷 거대기업에 뒤쳐져온 EU 정보통신산업의 경쟁력 회복 및 시장단일화에 따른 연간 415십억유로의 수익과 수십만개의 일자리 창출을 기대하고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 전략이 현실화되기까지 여러 장애물도 예상되는 바, 이 전략의 추진을 위해서는 디지털 시장 관련 EU 규정(regulation), 지침(directive) 등 법규범 제․개정이 뒷받침 되어야 하는 바, 향후 회원국, 의회 등과의 원만한 이해관계 조정 및 협의가 뒷받침 되어야 실현 가능할 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
The European Commission has identified the completion of the Digital Single Market (DSM) as one of its ten political priorities. The DSM is also a core preference for the European Council and the European Parliament and has been watched with keen interest in the Annual Growth Survey 2015. The EU copyright system is an important position of the EU's cultural, social and technological environment and of the digital economy, with copyright-intensive industries producing 7 million jobs and contributing about EUR 509 billion to EU GDP. These industries are one of Europe's most energetic economic fields and are influenced by small-sized firms, 95% of which have fewer than 10 employees. At present, the professions between hosting service providers and content service providers devoting to the act of communication to the public of protected works under copyright laws have become more difficult to discriminate. This legal dubiety could generate perversions on the online content market where platforms that make contents available to the public without a legal permission compete with licensed services for resemblant or equal services to the consumer. The uncertain legal situation can also make it hard for right holders to licence their contents with the platforms or obliges them to accept licensing conditions that are below the potential value of the content.
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