박물관 실내 온습도 현황과 새로운 기후 가이드라인의 필요성
Study on Korean Museum’s Indoor Climate and Need for the New Climate Guideline
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초록
이 논문은 박물관 등 문화유산 보존시설에서 지속가능한 문화유산 보존을 위해 실내 온습도 관리 현황을 분석하고 새로운 기후 가이드라인의 필요성을 연구한 것이다. 설문조사와 박물관 기후 분석 사례 연구를 통해 국내 박물관의 기후 관리 실태를 확인하였다. 총 49개 박물관이 응답한 박물관 보존환경 설문조사를 통해 많은 박물관에서 실내 기후 데이터의 모니터링과 분석이 부족하다는 것을 확인하였다. 그중에서도 두 개 박물관의 사례 연구는 일괄적인 기후 관리 방식으로는 지속가능한 소장유물 관리를 달성하는 데 어려움이 있음을 분명하게 보여주었다. 모든 박물관에 일괄적으로 적용되는 안전한 온습도 기준은 설정할 수 없으며, 1년 내내 변하지 않는 엄격한 온습도 기준도 지속가능한 관리 측면에서 더 이상 바람직하지 않다. 지속가능한 문화유산 보존을 위해 이제는 개별 박물관의 지역 기후, 건물 및 공간 특성, 소장유물의 재질, 유물 민감도, 과거 노출 환경 등을 이해하고 그에 부합하는 맞춤형 기후 관리 전략을 선택해야 한다. 이를 위해서 우리나라 기후, 문화유산 보존에서 추구하는 가치와 현실을 반영한 새로운 문화유산 기후 가이드라인 수립이 필요하다.
Abstract
This study investigated the need for new climate guidelines to support the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage in Korean museums. Current climate management practices in domestic museums were evaluated through a survey and case studies examining museum indoor climates. A survey of the preservation environment across 49 museums revealed that many did not monitor or analyze indoor climate data. The case studies of two museums further highlighted the challenges of sustainability for collection management when relying on a one-size-fits-all approach. There is no universally accepted standard for temperature and humidity applicable to all museums, and maintaining rigid year-round temperature and humidity levels is no longer appropriate for sustainable management. For effective sustainable preservation, it is crucial to consider each museum’s local climate, building characteristics, spatial configuration, collection materials, artifact sensitivity, and historical environmental exposure. Considering these factors, museums should adopt customized climate management strategies. To facilitate this, new climate guidelines reflecting Korea’s climate, preservationvalues, and practical realities are required for cultural heritage conservation.
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