스폰서십의 설득의도성에 대한 소비자 반응: 광저우 아시안 게임을 바탕으로
Consumer’s Responses to the Persuasion Attempt of the Sports Sponsorship: The Case of Guangzhou Asian Games
0
조회
0
다운로드
14
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
스폰서십 활동은 기업의 선의의 활동이란 의미에서 기업이미지에 효과적인 설득수단으로 급성장하고 있다. 기존의 스폰서십의 연구들은 스폰서십 활동이 기업의 마케팅 활동에 미치는 긍정적 후광효과(halo effect)를 주로 언급하고 있지만 최근 들어 급증하고 있는 스폰서십의 다양한 형태는 매복 마케팅과 같은 상행위적 윤리문제와 지나친 상업적 의도로 인해 소비자에게 부정적 인식을 심어주고 있기도 하다. 이에 본 연구는 설득수단으로서의 스폰서십 활동에 숨겨진 상업적 의도에 대하여 소비자가 어떻게 반응하는지 알아보기 위해 Friestad와 Wright(1994)의 설득지식모델(the persuasion knowledge model)을 적용하였다. 설득지식모델에서는 에이전트의 상업적 의도 또는 판매 의도적 활동을 간파하기 위해 소비자가 설득지식을 활성화 시킨다고 보고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 광저우 아시안 게임에 참여했던 스폰서십 기업에 대한 서베이를 진행하여 설득지식모델을 토대로 설득지식 유발에 영향을 주는 사전적 요인으로서 스폰서의 친숙성, 스폰서-이벤트 일치성과 상황적 요인으로서 스폰서의 노력, 스폰서의 진실성이 설득지식에 미친 영향을 밝히고 설득시도의 적절성 차원에서 스폰서십 유형(공식후원형 vs. 마케팅 중심형)에 따라 소비자의 설득지식이 소비자 태도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 스폰서의 친숙도와 스폰서-이벤트 일치성 그리고 스폰서의 노력은 설득지식에 매개되어 소비자태도에 영향을 주고 있음이 밝혀졌으며 또한 스폰서십의 유형의 차이는 설득지식이 소비자 태도에 미치는 영향을 조절할 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 향후 스폰서십 활동을 실시하려는 기업에 대한 실무적 제언을 하였다.
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, sponsorship has been used very widely as an important marketing tool that enhances corporate image. Since it has proven to be effective in creating positive perceptions of the company, many marketers have sponsored a variety of consumer-related activities. However, sponsorship has also been criticized as it can be related to ambush marketing and excessive commercialism which trigger negative consumer responses. Unlike the existing study on the sponsorship marketing, this study intends to investigate its negative effects. The study was conducted based on the persuasion knowledge model which was proposed by Fristed and Wright (1994) and investigated consumer responses to ulterior motive of sponsorship marketing. According to the persuasion knowledge model, consumers activate their persuasion knowledge to see the agent's commercial motive; there are several antecedents to the persuasion knowledge activation such as the source familiarity, the marketer's effort and the appropriateness of persuasion. Also, existing studies have pointed out the sponsor-event fit and the sponsor's integrity as crucial factors which influence consumer attitude. By taking a survey of people who watched the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, we tried to examine how the sponsor familiarity and the sponsor-event fit as pre-existing variables which have been formed based on the prior consumer knowledges/memories as well as the sponsor effort and the sponsor integrity as situational variables activated based on the specific persuasion episode influenced persuasion knowledge. We also tried to test the potential moderating role of sponsorship type (i.e., official sponsorship versus marketing focused) on the causal path from the persuasion knowledge and the consumer attitude from the perspective of the appropriateness of persuasion. The results show that the sponsor familiarity, the sponsor-event fit, and the marketer's effort have significant effects on the persuasion knowledge activation, and the sponsorship type has moderating role in the sponsorship effectiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
참고문헌 (62)
- 김요한, "이벤트와 스폰서 간 일치성이 스폰서에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향 : 스폰서 동기, 스폰서 공신력, 이벤트에 대한 태도의 매개역할을 중심으로", 한국광고홍보학보, 11(2), pp.38~70 (2009), 한국광고홍보학회
- 김윤애, "메시지 제시 형태(광고, 퍼블리시티, 블로그)에 따른설득 효과 차이 : 설득지식모델을 적용하여", 한국언론학보, 52(5), pp.130~159 (2008), 한국언론학회
- 김정현, "설득 지식 모델의 소비자 행동 연구에의 적용을 위한 이론적 검토", 홍보학연구, 10(2), pp.61~88 (2006), 한국홍보학회
- 김진호, "경영학 연구에서의 구조방정식 모형의 적용: 문헌 연구와 비판", 경영학연구, 36(4), pp.897~923 (2007), 한국경영학회
- 안광호, "브랜드 경영" (2003), 학지사
- 여준상, "비교 유형이 브랜드태도에 영향 을 미치는데 있어 자기조절초점의 조절 역 할", 광고학연구, 18(5), pp.339~349 (2007)
- 유창조, "월드컵 축구 경기에서 표출되는 팬의 소비가치에 대한 비교연구:국가별 팬 집단의 소비행태 및 소비문화의 비교", 마케팅연구, 22(4), pp.115~140 (2007), 한국마케팅학회
- 이방실, "Case study KB Bank vs.Homeplus", 동아비즈니스 리뷰, 54, pp.22~26 (2010)
- 이종호, "스포츠 스폰서십 광고유형과 제품유형에 따른 기업이미지 태도와 구매의도와의 관계", 한국체육교육학회지, 8(1), pp.128~140 (2003), 한국체육교육학회
- 이학식, "구조방정식 모형분석과 AMOS 7.0" (2009), 법문사
- 박정환, "공식스폰서와 앰부시 마케팅 집행사의 인지여부에 따른 광도태도, 브랜드태도, 기업이미지, 그리고 구매의도", 한국스포츠산업경영학회지, 12(2), pp.17~29 (2007), 한국스포츠산업경영학회
- 차영란, "기업의 스폰서십 활동이 후원효과에 미치는 영향 분석 : 선호도, 후원목적, 후원형태를 중심으로", 광고학연구, 19(5), pp.167~191 (2008), 한국광고학회
- Alba, J. W, "Dimensions of Consumer Expertise", The Journal of Consumer Research, 13(4), pp.411~454 (1987)
- Becker-Olsen,K, "And Now,a Word from Our Sponsor", Journal of Advertising, 32(2), pp.17~32 (2003)
- Benntett,R, "Sports Sponsorship,Spectator Recall and False Consensus", European Journal of Marketing, 33, pp.291~313 (1999)
- Campbell,M.C, "When Attention-Getting Advertising Tactics Elicit Consumer Inferences of Manipulative Intent:The Importance of Balancing Benefits and Investments", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(3), pp.225~254 (1995)
- Campbell,M.C, "Perceptions of Price Unfairness:Antecedents and Consequences", Journal of Marketing Research, 36(2), pp.187~199 (1999)
- Campbell, M. C, "Brand Familiarity and Advertising Repetition Effects", The Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), pp.292~304 (2003)
- Campbell, M. C, "Consumers' Use of Persuasion Knowledge:The Effects of Accessibility and Cognitive Capacity on Perceptions of an Influence Agent", Journal of Consumer Research, 27, pp.69~83 (2000)
- Campbell, M. C, "I Know What You're Doing and Why You're Doing It: The Use of Persuasion Knowledge Model in Consumer Research, In Handbook of Consumer Psychology", pp.549~573 (2008), LEA
- Chalip, L, "Effects of Commercialism and Nationalism on Enjoyment of an Event Telecast:Lessons from the Atlanta Olympics", European Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2, pp.3~22 (2002)
- Cornwell,T.B, "Sponsorship-Linked Marketing Development", Sport Marketing Quarterly, 4(4), pp.13~24 (1995)
- Cowley, E, "The Moderating Effect of Product Knowledge on the Learning and Organization of Product Information", The Journal of Consumer Research, 30, pp.443~454 (2003)
- D'Astous, A, "Consumer Evaluations of Sponsorship Programmes", European Journal of Marketing, 29(12), pp.6~21 (1995)
- Fornell C, "Evaluating Structural Equations Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error", Journal of Marketing Research, 18, pp.39~50 (1981)
- Friestad, M, "The Persuasion Knowledge Model:How People Cope with Persuasion Attempts", Journal of Consumer Research, 21, pp.1~31 (1994)
- Friestad, M, "Everyday Persuasion Knowledge", Psychology & Marketing, 21, pp.1~31 (1999)
- Gefen, D., "Structural Equation Modeling and Regression: Guidelines for Research Practice", Communication of the Association for Information Systems, 4, pp.1~77 (2000)
- Grimes, E, "Focusing Commercial Sponsorship on the Internal Corporate Audience", International Journal of Advertising, 17(1), pp.51~74 (1998)
- Gwinner,K.P, "A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer in Event Sponsorship", International Marketing Review, 14(3), pp.145~158 (1997)
- Gwinner, K. P, "Building Brand Image through Event Sponsorship:The Role of Image Transfer", Journal of Advertising, 28(4), pp.47~57 (1999)
- Hoek, J, "When Do Exsponsors Become Ambush Marketers? International", Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 3(4), pp.383~402 (2002)
- Javalgi, R. G., "Awareness of Sponsorship and Corporate image:An Empirical Investigation", Journal of Advertising, 23(4), pp.47~58 (1994)
- Johar, G.V, "Relatedness,Prominence,and Constructive Sponsor Identification", Journal of Marketing Research, 36, pp.299~312 (1999)
- Keller,K.L, "Conceptualizing,Measuring,and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity", The Journal of Marketing, 57(1), pp.1~22 (1993)
- Kent, R. J, "Competitive Interference Effects in Consumer Memory for Advertising:The Role of Brand Familiarity", The Journal of Marketing, 58(3), pp.97~105 (1994)
- Kirmani, A, "Money Talks:Perceived Advertising Expense and Expected Product Quality", The Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), pp.344~353 (1989)
- Kirmani,A, "The Effect of Perceived Advertising Costs on Brand Perceptions", The Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2), pp.160~171 (1990)
- Kruger, J., "The Effort Heuristic", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(1), pp.91~98 (2004)
- Lee, M. S., "Attitudinal Constructs Towards Sponsorship:Scale Development Using Three Global Sporting Events", International marketing review, 14(3), pp.159~169 (1997)
- Mackenzie, S. B, "How Does Motivation Moderate the Impact of Central and Peripheral Processing on Brand Attitudes and Intentions", The Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), pp.519~529 (1992)
- Mason,K, "How Corporate Sport Sponsorship Impacts Consumer Behavior", The Journal of American Academy of Business, 7(1), pp.32~35 (2005)
- Martensen, A., "Application of a Model for the Effectiveness of Event Marketing", Journal of Advertising Research, 28, pp.283~301 (2007)
- McCracken,G, "Who is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process", Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), pp.310~321 (1989)
- McDaniel,S, "An Investigation of Matchup Effects in Sport Sponsorship Advertising:The Implication of Consumer Advertising Schemas", Psychology and Marketing, 16, pp.163~184 (1999)
- Meenaghan,T, "Commercial sponsorship", European Journal of Marketing, 17, pp.1~74 (1983)
- Meenaghan,T, "The Role of Sponsorship in the Market-ing Communications Mix", International Journal of Advertising, 10, pp.35~47 (1991)
- Meenaghan,T, "Ambush Marketing:Corporate Strategy and Consumers Reactions", Psychology and Marketing, 15(4), pp.305~322 (1998)
- Meenaghan,T, "Understanding Sponsorship Effects. Psychology & Marketing", Psychology & Marketing, 18(2), pp.95~122 (2001)
- Quester,P.G, "Awareness as a Measure of Sponsorship Effectiveness:The Adelaide Formula One Grand Prix and Evidence of Incidental Ambush Effects", Journal of Marketing Communications, 3(1), pp.1~20 (1997)
- 최세정, "Congruence effects in sponsorship - The mediating role of sponsor credibility and consumer attributions of sponsor motive", JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING, 33(1), pp.29~42, M E SHARPE INC
- Ruth, J. A, "Brought to You by Brand A and Brand B:Investigating Multiple Sponsor's Influence on Consumers' Attitudes Toward Sponsored Events", Journal of Advertising, 32(3), pp.19~30 (2003)
- Segars, A. H., "Strategic Information Systems Planning Success:An Investigation of the Construct and Its Measurement", MIS Quartely, 22(2), pp.139~163 (1998)
- Sandler, D. M, "Olympic Sponsorship vs. "Ambush" Marketing: Who Gets the Gold", Journal of Advertising Research, 29, pp.9~14 (1989)
- Shani, D. S, "Ambush Marketing: Is Confusion to Blame for the Flickering of the Flame", Psychology and Marketing, 15(4), pp.367~383 (1998)
- Sleight,S, "Sponsorship: What It Is and How to Use It" (1989), McGraw-Hill
- Smith, A., "Sport Sponsorship,Team Support and Purchase Intentions", Journal of Marketing Communications, 14(5), pp.387~404 (2008)
- Speed, R, "Determinants of Sports Sponsorship Response", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), pp.27~38 (2000)
- Stipp, H., "Modeling the Impact of Olympic Sponsorship on Corporate Image", Journal of Advertising Research, 36, pp.22~28 (1996)
- Vale, J., "The Impact of Sponsorship on a Football Team's Brand Equity", Journal of Sport sponsorship, 2, pp.267~280 (2009)
- Wei, M. L., "An Examination of the Effects of Ac-tivating Persuasion Knowledge on Con-sumer Response to Brands Engaging in Covert Marketing", Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), pp.34~44 (2008)
- Wright,P, "Schemer Schema: Consumer's Intuitive Theories about Marketers' Influence Tactics, In Advances in Consumer Research", pp.1~3 (1996), Association for Consumer Research
