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스폰서십의 유형(공식 vs. 매복) 및 스폰서 신뢰도에 대한 소비자 반응: 설득지식 모델을 바탕으로

Consumer's Responses on the Impact of Sponsor Type(Official vs. Ambush) and Credibility: Based on Persuasion Knowledge Model

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주제분류경영학

초록

많은 기업들이 스폰서십 마케팅이라 불리는 대규모 스포츠 이벤트 참여를 통해 기업의 호의 연상을 심으려 한다. 막대한 비용에도 불구하고 기업들은 공식후원사가 되거나 스폰서십을 획득하지 못하면 매복마케팅을 수행한다. 본 연구는 스폰서십 마케팅 상황에서 설득지식모델(The Persuasion Knowledge Model)을 도입하여 설득지식, 정서, 스폰서십의 태도에 영향을 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 연구의 결과, 실험 1에서는 설득지식모델 하에서 스폰서십에 부정적 영향 미치는 요인을 확인할 수 있었다. 스폰서십의 상업성을 인지하는 요인으로 스폰서십의 유형(공식 대 매복)은 설득지식유발, 부정적 정서, 스폰서십 태도에 다르게 영향을 미쳤는데 매복마케팅이 공식후원에 비해 높은 설득지식, 부정적 정서 그리고 낮은 스폰서십 태도를 유발하였다. 실험 2에서는 스폰서십의 유형 및 스폰서의 신뢰성(높음 대 낮음)의 효과를 확인하였다. 연구결과, 스폰서십 유형과 신뢰성의 상호작용은 부정적 정서 및 스폰서십 태도에서 유의미한 효과를 나타내었다. 실험 2 결과의 흥미로운 점은 신뢰도가 높은 기업은 공식후원이 유리하지만 신뢰가 낮은 기업은 공식과 매복 마케팅의 효과가 크게 차이가 없다는 것이다. 이는 스폰서십의 유형의 선택에 있어 신뢰가 높은 기업에 있어 공식후원은 바람직하지만 모든 기업이 무차별적으로 공식후원을 취할 필요는 없다는 사실을 말해준다. 이와 같은 결과가 도출된 이유는 소비자가 스폰서의 신뢰성을 후광효과의 차원에서 활용하며 상황적 요인으로 스폰서십 유형을 인지하여 설득지식의 유발을 조절하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 추가적으로 본 연구에서는 정서와 설득지식의 관계를 밝히고자 했는데, 결과적으로 설득지식과 정서는 소비자의 태도에 영향을 주고 있음을 알게 되었다. 종합하자면, 실험의 결과는 소비자가 스폰서의 신뢰도와 스폰서십 유형에 근거하여 그들의 태도를 형성함을 보여주고 있다.

Abstract

Most sponsors leverage their association with major events through what is known as ‘sponsorship-linked marketing.’ Companies want to become official sponsors even at astronomical costs; companies that do not obtain official sponsorship deal will rush into large sporting events as ambush marketers. Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to test the antecedents toward persuasion knowledge, emotion, and sponsor responses with the PK model within sponsorship situations. The results offered empirical evidence as follows. In Experiment 1, we confirmed the antecedents related with sponsorship responses had a negative effect based on PKM. One of the cognitive factors to perceive the commercialism of sponsorship, the sponsorship type (official sponsorship vs. ambush marketing) was provided. Sponsorship type influenced persuasion knowledge differently and ambush marketing increased persuasion knowledge higher than official sponsorship did. In Experiment 2, source credibility (high vs. low) as another antecedent was proved. As expected from previous persuasion research, the interaction effect of sponsor type and credibility influenced on negative emotion and sponsorship attitude, except persuasion knowledge. There were interesting results as revealed by the sponsor credibility and sponsor type interaction effect. We interpreted the results as if it was a valid conclusion that official sponsorship was still considered an appropriate sponsorship type for high credibility company; however, not every sponsor needed to use official sponsorship for events. Because low credibility company did not show meaningful differentiation on consumer's responses between official an ambush marketing. Consumers regulated persuasion knowledge with sponsor credibility as a halo effect and persuasion knowledge for specific situation-oriented knowledge. Additionally, we examined the relationship between emotion and persuasion knowledge; we tested how induced persuasion knowledge and emotion influenced customer attitudes such as sponsorship attitudes. The results of these experiments, when considered in combination, suggest that consumers form their attitudes and emotions based on sponsor type and sponsor credibility.

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