서해중부해역 출수 닻돌과 목재 공반유물 연구
Characterization of Stone Anchors with Wooden Objects Found in the West Middle Sea of South Korea
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2007년 태안선 발굴조사에서 닻돌을 발견한 이후로 서해중부해역에서 발견된 닻돌은 154점에 이른다. 국내 닻돌 연구가 진행돼 왔으나 닻돌과 목제 닻이 함께 발견된 사례가 적고 온전한 형태로 발견되지 않아 닻의 형태, 시대, 사용 방식을 판명하기 어려웠다. 본 연구는 이례적으로 목제 닻과 발견된 닻돌 7점에 대해 암석 동정을 실시하였으며, 해당 목제 닻과 초본류에 대해 수종 분석, 위글매치를 이용한 방사성탄소연대분석을 수행하였다. 암석 동정 결과 다양한 암종 사용은 구하기 쉬운 주변 암석을 가지고 닻의 기능을 위한 실용적인 목적으로 판단된다. 수종분석을 통해 모든 목제 닻이 활엽수로 제작됐음을 밝혔으며, 방사성탄소연대분석 결과 원삼국, 삼국, 남북국, 고려, 조선시대로 산출되었다. 이로써 마도해역은 고려 이전 시대에도 중요한 정박지임을 확인하였으며 닻돌을 닻가지 사이에 결합한 형태는 원삼국, 삼국 및 남북국시대로 닻돌을 닻장에 넣는 방식은 조선시대로 판단하였다.
Abstract
Since their discovery during the Taean Shipwreck excavation in the West Middle Sea of South Korea in 2007, 154 stone anchors have been identified. Despite the steady progression of domestic studies on stone anchors, the scarcity of anchors with both stone and wooden components and the absence of complete specimens have complicated efforts to determine their precise form, historical period, and methods of use. Therefore, this study focused on an exceptional set of seven stone anchors with wooden parts. Rock identification was conducted on the stone components, whereas species analysis and radiocarbon dating using wiggle matching were performed on the wooden elements. The rock identification results indicate that various rock types, selected primarily for their local availability, were used to serve the anchors' practical purposes. Species analysis confirmed that all wooden anchor components were made of broadleaf trees. Carbon-14 dating yielded five historical periods: the Proto-Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms, Northern and Southern States, Goryeo, and Joseon. These findings indicate that the Mado Sea area served as a crucial anchorage site even before the Goryeo period. The anchoring, with stone components placed between anchor arms, corresponds to the Proto-Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms, and Northern and Southern States periods, whereas the method of incorporating stone into anchor stocks dates back to the Joseon period.
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