자본자유화 시대 일본 산업정책의 의의와 한계-자동차산업의 사례

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the historical significance of Japanese industrial policy through an analysis of the industrial policy conducted on the automobile industry in the late 1960s, ahead of capital liberalization. The policies for capital liberalization of the automobile industry implemented by the MITI(Ministry of International Trade and Industry) were as follows. First, the period of liberalization is delayed as much as possible despite foreign pressure. Second, in preparation for foreign automakers entering Japan, the MITI actively promotes industrial restructuring policies such as mergers of Japanese automakers. This policy was based on the recognition that the international competitiveness of the Japanese automobile industry at that time was very vulnerable to the American automobile industry. Even after capital liberalization, which began in April 1971, the Japanese automobile industry did not suffer much damage from the American automobile industry. However, it was not because the MITI’s industrial reorganization policy was successful, but because the Japanese automobile industry had sufficient international competitiveness in the late 1960s. At the time, the Japanese automobile industry was rapidly improving productivity, but the MITI was not aware of it. In the background of this experience in the late 1960s, in the 1970s, the stance of the MITI’s industrial policy shifted from direct intervention until then to indirect induction.