부유한 기업, 가난한 가계: 외환위기 이후 한국경제의 가계․기업간 소득성장 불균형 현상과 원인 및 함의
Rich Firm, Poor Home: Facts, Causes, and Implications of Disparity in Household and Corporate Income Growth in Korean Economy after Financial Crisis
1
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고에서는 외환위기 이후 한국경제에 나타난 주요 변화의 하나로서 가계․기업소득간 성장 불균형 문제를 제기하고 그 원인과 함의를 분석한다. 가계소득과 기업소득은 외환위기 이전에는 장기적으로 거의 동일한 성장을 보였으나 외환위기 이후 성장 격차가 매우 큰 폭으로 확대되는 추이를 보이고 있다. 가계․기업소득간의 성장불균형은 구체적으로는 2000년대 초와 2007년 이후의 두 기간에 걸쳐 나타나고 있으며, 격차의 크기나 지속기간 등의 측면에서 경기순환적 차원을 넘어서는 현상으로 보여진다. 양부문간 성장 격차는 (광의의)상대 유효세율(2차 분배 요인), 노동분배율, 자영소득 비율, 재산소득 비율에 의해 결정되며, 4요인 모두 외환위기 이후 양부문 성장격차를 확대하는 방향으로 변화한 것으로 나타난다. 성장격차에 대한 요인별 기여는 2000~2010년간 전체로 볼 때, 노동분배율 하락, 2차 분배요인, 자영소득 침체의 순으로 기여한 것으로 추정된다. 이들 요인에는 외환위기 이후 추진된 정책들이 일정 부분 배경으로 작용한 것으로 추정된다. 가계․기업간 성장불균형의 함의로서는, 동기간중의 한국경제에서 역시 두드러지게 나타나는 내수 부진에 미친 영향을 살펴본다. 이를 위해 소비와 투자의 소득 탄력성 차이로부터 가계․기업간 성장불균형의 소비억제 효과가 투자촉진 효과를 압도하여 전체적 으로 내수증가를 억제하는 영향을 발휘할 것이라는 가설을 제시하고, 한국경제의 자료를 이용한 분석 결과가 동가설을 지지함을 보인다.
Abstract
Korean economy shows a marked disparity in household and corporate income growth throughout the 2000’s, which was not manifest before 1997~1998 financial crisis. The disparity seems to be beyond cyclical dimension in terms of both its size and duration. The decomposition of household and corporate income shows that the causes of the disparity are the decline in labor income share, tax and quasi-tax factors, and income stagnation of self- employed. Changes in economic institution and policies after financial crisis are presumed to be behind these factors. As for the macro-economic consequence of the disparity, we investigate its impact on aggregate demand. Our estimation shows that Korean economic data supports the hypothesis that from the difference in income elasticity between household consumption and corporate investment, the effect of disparity to restrain the former outweighs the effect to promote the latter, and the disparity results in sluggish domestic demand.
참고문헌 (43)
- 강두용, "한국경제의 成長 鈍化와 經濟成熟化 要因: 人口學的 變化와 就業構造 變化의 성장둔화 효과", 국제경제연구, 15(3), pp.93~132 (2009), 한국국제경제학회
- 강두용, "다시 확대되는 가계 기업간 소득 양극화", 보건복지포럼, 10(166), pp.106~117 (2010), 보건사회연구원
- 경제백서, "기획재정부", ~
- 김병화, "설비투자 결정요인 분석", 경제분석, 8(4), pp.32~74 (2002), 한국은행
- 한국은행, "가계와 기업의 성장 양극화 현상: 현황, 원인, 대책" (2005)
- Acemoglu, D., "Labour and capital augmenting technical change", Journal of European Economic Association, 1(1), pp.1~37 (2003)
- Alti, A., "How sensitive is investment to cash flow when financing is frictionless?", Journal of Finance, 58(2), pp.707~722 (2003)
- Lessons from successful labour market reformers in Europe, "Annett, A.", ~, pp.IMF country report #06 (2006), 288
- Azmat, G., "Privatization and the Decline of Labour’s Share : Int’l Evidence from Network Industries", Economica, 20, pp.1~23 (2011)
- Employment patterns in OECD countries: reassessing the role of policies and institutions, "Bassani, A.", ~, pp.OECD working paper #486 (2006)
- Bentolila, S., "Explaining Movements in the Labour Share", BE Journal of Macroeconomics, 3(1), pp.1~33 (2003)
- Blanchard, O., "The Medium Run", Brookings Paper on Economic Activity, 2, pp.89~158 (1997)
- Blanchard, O., "Macroeconomic effects of regulation and deregulation in goods and labor markets", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(3), pp.879~907 (2003)
- Cleary, S., "The relationship between firm investment and financial status", Journal of Finance, 54(2), pp.673~692 (1999)
- Daudeley, E., "The personal and factor distribution of income in a cross-section of countries", Journal of Development Studies, 43(5), pp.812~829 (2007)
- Wher did the productivity go? Inflation dynamics and the distribution of income, "Dew-Baker, I.", ~, pp.NBER working paper # 11842 (2005)
- Diwan, I., "Labor share and financial crises" (1999), World Bank
- Economist, "Corporate profits: Breaking records", Economist (2005)
- Gilchrist, S., "Evidence on the role of cash flow for investment", Journal of Monetary Economics, 36(3), pp.541~572 (1995)
- Gollin, D., "Getting income shares right", Journal of Political Economy, 110(2), pp.458~474 (2002)
- Gomes, J., "Financing investment", American Economic Review, 91(5), pp.1263~1285 (2001)
- Gomme, P., "Measuring labor’s share of income, Federal reserve bank of cleveland policy discussion paper #7" (2004)
- The effects of globalization on labour’s share in national income, "Guscina, A.", ~, pp.IMF working paper #06 (2006), 294
- Fazzari, S., "Financing constraints and corporate investment, In Brookings Paper on Economic Activity", pp.141~195 (1988)
- Harrison, A., "Has globalizaion eroded labour’s share: some cross country evidence" (2002), UC Berkeley
- Hubbard, G., "Capital market imperfections and investment", Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1), pp.193~225 (1998)
- Hubbard, G., "Internal finance and firm investment", Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 27(3), pp.683~701 (1995)
- Jayadev, A., "Capital account liberalization and the labour share of income", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 32, pp.423~443 (2007)
- Johnson, D., "The fuctional distribution of income in the U. S., 1850~1952", Review of Economics and Statistics, 35(2), pp.175~182 (1954)
- Kaplan, S., "Do financing constraints explain why investment is correlated with cash flow?", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(1), pp.169~215 (1997)
- Krueger, A., "Measuring labor’s share", American Economic Review, 89(2), pp.45~51 (1999)
- Lee, K., "The effects of capital account liberaization on growth and the labour share of income: reviewing and extending the cross country evidence, In Capital flight and capital controls in developing countries", pp.1~50 (2005), Edward Elgar
- Mohun, S., "Distributive shares in the U. S. economy 1964~2001", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 30, pp.347~370 (2006)
- NY Times, "Corporate profit were the highest on record last quarter", NY Times, ~ (2010)
- Pessoa, J., "Decoupling of wage growth and productivity growth?: Myth and reality, Resolution Foundation" (2012), London School of Economics
- Posner, A., "American wage stagnation", pp.2010, The Becker
- The rate of return to corporate capital and factor shares: New Estimates using revised national income account and capital stock data, "Poterba, J.", ~, pp.NBER working paper #6263 (1997)
- Rajan, R., "Fault Lines" (2010), Princeton Univ. Press
- Rodrick, D., "Has globalization gone too far?" (1997), Institute for Int’l Economics
- Rodrick, D., "Democracies pay higher wages", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3), pp.707~738 (1999)
- Sectoral shifts in Europe and U.S.: How they affect aggregate laboe shares and the property of wage equations, "de Serres, A.", ~, pp.OECD Economic Department Working Paper #326 (2002)
- Slaughter, M., "Int’l Trade and labor demand elasticities", Journal of Int'l Economics, 54(1), pp.27~56 (2001)
- Stock J., "A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems", Econometrica, 61(4), pp.783~820 (1993)
