한국의 경제성장과 수출사이의 인과관계
Causal Analysis between Exports and Economic Growth in Korea Re-examined
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초록
Granger-인과검정을 이용하여 수출과 성장 사이의 인과관계를 추정한 Jung and Marshall (1985)의 실증연구는 한국의 경우 경제성장이 수출을 촉진시키는 일방적인 인과관계가 존재한다고 밝히고 있다. 이러한 추정결과는 한국이 수출주도형 경제성장 전략의 가장 성공적인 경우였다는 기존의 주장과는 대조되는 연구결과이다. 이에 따른 후속연구는 사용된 자료, 검정방법 및 표기, 시차 선정, 추세 포함 여부 등의 차이로 인하여 상반된 추정결과를 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 교육(schooling)을 추정식에 포함시켜 1970~2003년 사이의 연간자료를 사용하여 한국의 수출과 성장사이의 인과관계를 오차수정모형을 통하여 재조명했다. 오차수정모형에 의한 추정결과는 (1)성장에서 수출로의 일방적인 장기 인과관계가, (2)교육에서 수출로의 일방적인 장․단기 인과관계가 존재하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the causal relationship between exports and economic growth in Korea using annual data over the period from 1970 to 2003. This paper incorporates schooling proxied by high school graduates into the estimation equations, which allow us to avoid a possible omitted variable problem. The empirical findings of the paper suggest that, 1) economic growth Granger-causes exports in the long-run; 2) schooling Granger-causes exports in the short and long-run.
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