글로벌 가치 사슬 참여 방식이 산업의 이산화탄소 배출량에 미치는 영향 분석
The Effect of Global Value Chain Position on the Environment
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제가치사슬의 (Global Value Chain: GVC) 연결이 심화되고 환경 보호와 관련한 범세계적인 노력들이 확대되면서 글로벌 가치사슬 참여의 확대가 국가의 환경에 미치는 영향에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 2005년부터 2015년까지 한국의 17개 제조업을 대상으로 하여 산업별 GVC 참여율과 GVC에서의 위치가 산업의 오염물질 배출량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 오염물질 배출량은 산업별 이산화탄소 집약도를 사용하였으며, Koopman et al. (2014)의 추정방법을 사용하여 산업별 GVC 참여도 및 위치 지수를 구하여, 고정효과(Fixed effect)와 시스템 GMM 방법을 통해 산업 별 GVC 참여도 및 GVC에서의 역할이 오염물 배출량에 미치는 효과를 추정하였다. 분석결과 산업의 GVC 참여율은 오염물질 배출량에 미치는 영향을 식별할 수 없었으나, 산업이 GVC에서 상류(upstream)에 위치할수록 산업의 오염물질 배출량은 감소하고, 하류(downstream)에 위치할수록 오염물질 배출량은 증가함을 확인하였다.
Abstract
As the connection of the global value chain (Global Value Chain GVC) intensifies and various regulations related to environmental protection are implemented, many studies have been conducted on the impact of the expansion of participation in the global value chain on the environment. In this study, 17 manufacturing industries in Korea from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed to analyze the effect of GVC participation rate by industry and the role in GVC on the pollutant emissions of the industry. Carbon dioxide concentration by industry was used for pollutant emissions, and the GVC participation and position index by industry were calculated using the estimation method of koopman et al.(2014), and the effect of GVC participation and location in GVC by industry was estimated through the fixed effect and system GMM method. As a result of the analysis, it was not possible to identify the effect of the industry's GVC participation rate on pollutant emissions, but it was confirmed that the more upstream the industry is located, the lower the pollutant emissions.
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