민주주의는 왜 수호되어야 하는가? : 전쟁수행과 위기대응을 중심으로
Why Should Democracy Be Defended? : War and Crisis Performance
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초록
기존의 안보연구가 전쟁 및 군사위기의 승패를 설명함에 있어 경제력, 과학기술, 군사력 같은 물질적 요인에 집중했다면, 본 연구는 국내 정치제도에서 비롯된 정치적 의지 같은 비물질적 요인의 중요성을 환기시킨다. 민주국가와 전쟁수행 및 위기대응 간의 관계에 대한 경험적, 이론적 검토는 전자가 후자에 매우 강력한 긍정적 효과를 갖고 있음을 보여준다. 특히, 선출인단이론과 청중비용이론의 최근 연구성과는 민주주의가 전쟁수행 및 위기대응에 매우 취약하다거나 무관하다는 일부 주장을 효과적으로 반박한다. 결국, 자유민주적 기본질서를 수호하는 것은 본 연구에서 소개된 인정욕구, 재산권, 전쟁수행 및 위기대응의 관점에서 지극히 합리적이고 당위적인 것이 된다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 미래 국방력 강화에 있어 민주적 가치에 대한 이해 증진, 군사적 사기 및 승리에 대한 확신 같은 무형전력을 강화하는 것이 핵심 과제임을 함의한다.
Abstract
While existing security studies have focused on material factors such as economic power, scientific technology, and military power in explaining war and crisis outcomes, this study evokes the importance of non-material factors such as domestic political institutions and political will. The empirical and theoretical review of the relationship between democracy and war/crisis performance shows that democracy has very strong positive effects on war/crisis performance. In particular, selectorate theory and audience cost theory’s empirical findings and theoretical logic effectively refute some arguments that democracy is not related to war/ crisis performacne. Therefore, it can be concluded that defending democracy is quite normative and rational in terms of the appetite for recognition, property rights, and war/crisis performance discussed in this study. This study also implies that strengthening the intangible fighting power such as the awareness of democratic values, military morale, and confidence of victory is a crucial task in the future defense policy.
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