왜구의 충청 지역 침구의 시기별 추이와 고려의 대응

Abstract

Chungcheong region is a place that received more invasions from Japanese pirate raiders than any other regions, except for Gyeongnam region that is geographically closest to Japan. This paper examines the time trend of Japanese pirate raiders’ attack in the late Goryeo Dynasty and its route change, with a purpose of investigating the reason of numerous invasions in Chungcheong region. Based on the study result, this paper arrived at the following deduction. At first, Japanese pirate raiders mainly used hit-and-run tactics where they invaded the ocean and the coastal region in short period of time. A change of strategies took place in King Woo era. That is, the duration of their invasion became longer and the coverage also became broader covering vast region including the inland area, letting alone the coastal area. As a result, Chungcheong region naturally came to be exposed to more invasions. Chungcheong region was vulnerable not only to the previous invasion route from the West, but also to the new invasion route from the East Sea. Furthermore, it became the subject of secondary plundering that took place during the invasion in Gaegyeong or marine transportation region. As a result, the region received relatively more invasions than Jeolla region. As a result, Chungcheong region has become a victim of repetitive and concentrated invasion since the King Woo era. It is needless to say that such quantitative expansion of invasion naturally aggravated the damage contents and intensity, creating a vicious cycle. Hence, Chungcheong region is thought to have received damage that is as severe as any other region. However, the preparation of the royal court of Goryeo Dynasty was neither effective nor decisive. Even though there was a region like Cheongju which relatively quickly restored thanks to active support from the ruling class, it is believed that the geographic advantage of Cheongju, located in inland, was more relevant to the result. Meanwhile, aid for the public at regional level was not sufficient either. The relocation policy was a unilateral measure that ignored the right to live of the public, while the newly built mountain fortress failed to become safe and convenient protection facility, such that even the ruling class was hesitant to relocate.