수양개 Ⅵ지구 후기 구석기시대 도끼형석기의 연구

Abstract

The Chisel Type Tool is a stone tool manufactured by biface technology, which was appeared in latter of the Upper Paleolithic. In the Upper Paleolithic in Northeast Asia, a various tools were emerged in the transition to Neolithic, and one of them was the Chisel Type Tool. It is shown that the Chisel Type Tool was widely distributed over all Northeast Asia, including Russia, Siberia and the Japanese Archipelago. However, the number of excavated Chisel Type Tool in the Korean Peninsula so far is very small compared to other regions. However, as a result of recent excavations, the Chisel Type Tool was excavated in company with the micro-blade and leaf shaped Point in multiple layer 2 of Suyanggae Loc.VI. As these are all types of artifacts that was appeared at the transition period and are important artifacts that show the tool change of human, the research of Chisel Type Tool at cultural layer 2 of Suyanggae Loc. VI is necessary. Hence, the writer would like to take the Chisel Type Tool, which was excavated on the Korean Peninsula, as a major research target. Because the number of excavated Chisel Type Tool on the Korean Peninsula so far was small, there has not been performed properly for the analysis of the Chisel Type Tool's type or technical form. As a result of recent excavations, the Chisel Type Tool, which has been excavated in large numbers at Suyanggae Loc.VI, is an example for the largest number of excavated within a single relic site on the Korean Peninsula up to now. As a result of analyzing the Chisel Type Tool of Suyanggae Loc.VI, the materials of the Chisel Type Tool used flake mainly, and the elongate flake and debris were used as the next alternative. The planar shape was identified that an ellipse type was a completion type, and the blades were manufactured to a single side or bi-side. It was shown that the hole portions were also manufactured in various forms as needed. As the manufacturing technique, it is assumed that it was done a steep diagonal flaking to get the materials and the vertical flaking and vertical perfusing to get the shape. In the case of the Korean Peninsula, the time that the Chisel Type Tool was appeared at the period of 28,000 BP to 18,000 BP, from the Songcheon-dong relic site, Jeonju, where the absolute age value was the earliest, to Suyanggae Loc.Ⅵ. In other sites except for the Suyanggae relic site, only 1 to 3 pieces of the Chisel Type Tool was appeared, which seems to have been used restrictively depending on the purpose of use. In the Suyanggae site, the Chisel Type Tool was mainly used as leather manufacturing use together with burin or end-scraper. However, seeing through previous researches, the Chisel Type Tool also seems to be used for wood manufacturing use besides leather manufacturing use. It is shown that the Chisel Type Tool emerged later in the Upper Paleolithic and has been used for a long time, and the excavated patterns are distributed all over Northeast Asia. Stone tools manufactured with biface technology, such as the Chisel Type Tool, seems to be used later in Neolithic by transformed and survived, as well. When becoming the middle of Neolithic, the hunting tools had been changed as follows; the Chisel Type Tool, which was manufactured by biface technology, was transformed into axes and digging tools, and the Point was transformed into with arrowheads. The Stone Age culture of the latter of Upper Paleolithic, which was appeared together with the Chisel Type Tool, is a stone tool culture that spread along with respective cultural characteristics all over Northeast Asia, including Siberia, the Korean Peninsula, and the Japanese archipelago, the shape was gradually changed and survived until Neolithic. In the Korean Peninsula, various stone arrowheads are appeared at Gosan-ri site of Jeju, while axes and digging tools manufactured by biface technology is appeared at Danghasan site of Jangnyeon-ri, Hampyong, and Jingneul site, Jinan, which are relic sites of the middle of Neolithic.