수양개유적 Ⅵ지구 후기 구석기시대 밀개의 제작과 사용

Abstract

Investigation to the Suyanggae site Loc.Ⅵ was carried out for construction of a weir in 2013 to 2015. There were discovered 4 Upper Paleolithic cultural layers from Mis 3 to 2, and 40,679 pieces of Paleolithic remains excavated. Among them, 21,744 artifacts were excavated from the Cultural Layer 2, from Syanggae Site Loc. VI, which are divided into manufacturing products (20,695pieces, 95.1%) and tools (1,049pieces, 4.9%) (이융조 외 2018). Among tools, there were 332 end-scrapers, accounting for the highest proportion in tools from the Cultural Layer 2. Among raw materials, rhyolites and shales took 84%, with use of silicic stones including tuff, hornfels and obsidian. There were only 16 quartz raw materials found. Among blanks, flakes including blades took 96% while use of debris was only 13 cases. Furthermore, all of end-scrapers from Cultural Layer 2 were found in long length by simple comparison between length and width. However, end-scrapers from other Cultural Layers were similar in its length and width, close to thick square form. In terms of manufacturing technique, consistency in size, especially the width within specific range compared to the length, indicates that both edges of long flakes were almost uniformly retouched in end-scraper from the Cultural Layer 2. Likewise, distinctive difference was determined in quantity of excavation, selection of silica stone and flake blank, specification of consistent shape and width of end-scraper between Cultural Layer 2 and other Cultural Layers. Such difference shows more sophisticated manufacturing of end-scraper from Cultural Layer 2. 1) Two Types of End-scraper ManufacturingThe length of end-scraper from Cultural Layer 2 is quite long compared to the width. The width is limited to specific size while its length is in wide variation. These morphometric characteristics are associated with unique manufacturing technique, uniformed retouching in both edges or one edge of flake (TypeⅠ=standardization). Meanwhile, there was also cases of non-retouching in the edges of flake (Type II= non-standardization). Two types of end-scraper manufacturing, Type I and II, are classified based on the presence of retouch at the edges. The number of Type I (78%) was found larger than Type Ⅱ (22%). Furthermore, the number of end-scrapers undamaged were double of the destroyed in Type I, with more end-scrapers destroyed found in Type I. It suggests the low breakage rate in Type I made more carefully and the high breakage rate in Type II relatively simply manufactured. The banks of Type II show medium length and various thickness, among which the all basal ends of thin blanks were found as destroyed condition. In addition majority of blanks in Type Ⅱ were indeterminate forms and showed a number of cases of cortex on dorsal face, indicating a number of early-stage flake. In short, Type Ⅱ end-scrapers were manufactured with convenience or circumstance stones compared to Type I. 2) Step: Manufacturing - Repairing - Disuse(or abandonment)The shape and curvature of end-scraper blade were mostly uniformed while the size of blank varies. The shape of end-scraper edge is basically circular-edge, which can be classified as wide circular-edge, narrow circular-edge, nose form-edge, pointed edge, straight-edge and etc., according to the blank size and retouch. Such subclassification can be interpreted as the result of not only retouching in manufacturing but also repairing of blade occurring in use. repairing of edge can be a clue for group activity at the time. Accordingly, in this study, the end-scraper from Cultural Layer 2 was to be understood in the course of 3-step, manufacturing-repairing- disuse(or abandonment). 3) Characteristics of End-scraper by TypeThe end-scrapers were classified as two types (Type I and Ⅱ) which were subclassified as 3 stage based on the condition of edge. As a result, Type I was identified as 89 end-scraper in Stage I, 62 in Stage 2 and 32 in Stage 3. For Type I, 49% of end-scrapers was in manufacturing step, while 34% in repairing step and 17% in disuse step. For Type Ⅱ, 42% (22) of end-scrapers was in manufacturing step while 28% (15) in repairing step and 30% (16) in disuse step. In other expression, the ratio of manufacturing:repairing:disuse was 3:2:1 for Type I and 1.4:1:1 for Type II. In conclusion, Type I was close to active manufacturing and repairing and management of the edge was consistent over manufacturing-repairing-disuse.