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영혼의 눈병 : 요한 크리소스톰과 구제의 녹내장 치료

Diseased Eyes of the Soul : Almsgiving and Glaucoma Treatment in John Chrysostom’s Thought

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초록

최근 학자들은 요한 크리소스톰(John Chrysostom, C.E. c.349-407)의 저술과 설교에 자주 등장하는 병과 치료의 메타포에 주목하며 새로운 연구를 시도했다. 이들은 이러한 메타포 이면에 그리스-로마 철학과 의학에서 지속되어 왔던 ‘영혼의 의사’ 전통이 있음을 발견했고 요한이 이를 어떻게 사용하고 있는지 추적하였다. 그러나 이러한 연구들은 고대 철학적 치료(ancient philosophical therapy)이론이 요한의 구제사상 형성에 미친 영향에 대해서는 거의 관심을 기울이지 않았다. 고대 후기에 요한만큼 가난한 자들을 위한 도움을 호소한 교부가 없었다는 점을 고려하면 그의 사상 전반에 퍼져있는 영혼 치료학(psychagogy)이 구제사상에도 관련이 있을 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 고대 철학과 의학 배경에서 기독교적 나눔에 대한 요한의 이해를 상세하게 분석하는 것이다. 특별히 영혼의 눈병과 치료에 대한 그의 언급에 주목하고자 한다. 요한은 물질에 대한 욕심으로 인해 마음의 눈이 어두워진 그의 회중들을 하나님의 안과병원(Divine ophthalmic hospital)으로 인도한다. 본 논문은 요한의 『마태복음 20번째 설교』(In Matthaeum homiliae 20)에 초점을 둔다. 요한에 따르면 탐심은 영혼의 눈의 병, 즉 녹내장이다. 이 병은 결코 가볍지 않다. 눈이 보이지 않으면 아무것도 할 수 없는 것 같이 영혼의 눈도 마찬가지이다. 하지만 나누고자 하는 마음만 있다면 고칠 수 있다. 나눔은 강력한 영적 안과수술, 즉 카우칭 수술이다. 이는 누구든지, 부담 없이 받을 수 있다. 영혼의 녹내장과 치료에 대한 요한의 담론은 상당히 체계적이며 세속 철학자와 의사들의 치료 담론과 실천을 대체한다.

Abstract

Recently, scholars have attempted a new wave of study, paying attention to the metaphor of disease and treatment that frequently appears in the writings and sermons of John Chrysostom (C.E. c.349-407). They discovered that behind this metaphor there is a tradition of 'doctor of the soul' which has continued in Greco-Roman philosophy and medicine, and traced how John used it. However, these studies have paid little attention to the influence of ancient philosophical therapy on the formation of John's thought of almsgiving. Given that there was no church father who appealed for help for the poor as much as John in late antiquity, it can be assumed that psychagogy in ancient philosophy and medicine which spread throughout his thought was also related to his idea of charity. The purpose of this study is to analyze in detail John's ancient philosophical-medical understanding of Christian sharing. In particular, I would like to focus on his mention of eye disease and the treatment of the soul. John leads his congregation, whose hearts have been blinded by greed for material things, to the Divine ophthalmic hospital. This paper analyzes John's 20th homily on the Gospel of Matthew(In Matthaeum homiliae 20). According to John, covetousness is a disease of the eyes of the soul, that is glaucoma. This disease is by no means mild. Just as we can do not anything if we are blinded, so too are the eyes of the soul blinded. If, however, we have a willingness to share, this can be cured. Sharing is a powerful spiritual eye operation, couching operation. Everyone can get it without any burden. John's discourse on the glaucoma of the soul and its treatment is quite systematic and replaces the medicalized discourse and practice of secular philosophers and physicians.

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