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자폐스펙트럼장애의 진단 개념 변화에 대한 검토

A Review of Changes in Diagnostic Concepts in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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초록

Leo Kanner가 1943년에 ‘초기 유아기 자폐증’이라고 불리는 증후군을 기술한 이래로 70 년이 경과했다. 이 기간 동안, 특히 지난 20년 동안 조건이 개념화되는 방법에 주목할만한 변화가 일어났다. 여기서 Kanner의 연구자료와 그 이후의 변경 사항을 논의하기 전에 일반적으로 분류의 중요성에 대한 간략한 논의부터 시작하여 이러한 변경 사항에 대한 개요에 대해검토하였다. 검토 결과, 진단에 대한 접근 방식은 포괄적인 집단에서 잠재적인 별개의 하위집단에 초점을 맞추는 것에서 벗어나는 경향이 있다는 것을 파악했다. 현존하는 범주형 접근법 중 어느 것이 궁극적으로 가장 광범위하게 적용될지는 아직 명확하지는 않다.

Abstract

Seventy years have passed since Leo Kanner described a syndrome called early infantile autism in 1943. During this period, particularly in the last two decades, there has been a remarkable change in the way in which conditions are conceptualized. Before discussing Kanner's work and subsequent changes here, we have reviewed an overview of these changes, starting with a brief discussion of the importance of classification in general. The review found that approaches to diagnosis tend to deviate from focusing on potentially distinct subpopulations in the inclusive population. It is not yet clear which of the existing categorical approaches will ultimately be most widely applied.

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