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정서 이론과 정서의 경험

Theories of Emotion and Experience of Emotion

문장원|배지원
한독심리운동학회 (Korean-German Society for Motologie)|2023.03|심리운동연구 (Journal of Motologie)|제9권 제1호|pp. 107-122|DOI 10.23123/jmot.2023.9.1.107

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정서EmotionExperience of emotion정서 이론정서의 경험theories of emotion

초록

정서가 무엇이며 어떻게 작동하는지 설명하는 다양한 정서 이론이 있다. 정서는 다양한 관점에서 분석될 수 있기 때문에 어렵다. 어떤 의미에서, 정서는 정교하고 미묘하며 우리를 인간으로 만드는 것의 전형이다. 그러나 다른 의미에서, 인간의 정서는 다른 동물이 나타내는 반응과 매우 유사한 것으로 보인다. 또한 정서와 그것을 어떻게 표현하는지는 우리의 사회적 환경을 반영하지만, 시간이 지남에 따라 자연 선택에 의해 형성되었을 가능성도 있다. 정서의 이러한 상반되는 특징들은 이론을 구성하는 것을 어렵게 만들고 다양한 이론의 생성으로 이어졌다. 이 연구의 목적은 기존의 정서 이론들을 검토함으로써 정서의 실체에 대해 좀 더 가까이 접근해 보고 정서의 경험에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고자 함이다. 이를 위해 정서의 기원과 본질을 탐색하기 위해 연구된 정서 이론들을 검토하였고, 정서 경험에 대한 과학적 설명과 정서 경험을 이해하기 위한 심리적 틀에 대해 탐색하였다. 잠정적으로 도출된 연구의 결과는, 모든 정서 이론들은 서로 직접 경쟁하는 것은 아니기 때문에 단일 이론이 조만간 우세할 것 같지는 않다는 것이다. 지난 반세기 동안 이루어진 방대한 양의 정서 관련 경험적 연구는 정서에 대한 이론화를 흥미로운 도전으로 만들었고, 풀어야 할 숙제는 이용 가능한 모든 경험적 증거를 설명하는 것이다.

Abstract

There are various emotional theories that explain what emotions are and how they work. Emotions are difficult because they can be analyzed from various perspectives. In a sense, emotions are sophisticated and subtle and typical of what makes us human. In a different sense, however, human emotions appear to be very similar to the reactions expressed by other animals. Emotions and how to express them also reflect our social environment, but it may have been shaped by natural selection over time. These conflicting features of emotions made it difficult to construct theories and led to the generation of various theories. The purpose of this study is to get closer to the reality of emotions and expand the scope of understanding of the experience of emotions by reviewing existing emotional theories. To this end, the researched emotional theories were reviewed to explore the origin and nature of emotions, and scientific explanations of emotional experiences and psychological frameworks for understanding emotional experiences were explored. The result of the tentatively derived study is that it is unlikely that a single theory will prevail anytime soon because not all emotional theories compete directly with each other. The vast amount of emotional-related empirical research done over the past half century has made the theorizing of emotions an interesting challenge, and the homework to be solved is to explain all available empirical evidence.

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