스웨덴의 행정 데이터 통합과 활용에 관한 연구
Administrative data in Sweden
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초록
이 논문은 통계 데이터가 복지국가의 정책 형성과 정책 효과 분석에서 핵심적인 요소라는 점에서 스웨덴 행정 데이터를 분석하고 새로운 추세인 행정 데이터 통합을 논의한다. 근대 국민국가의 형성에서부터 오늘날 복지국가에 이르기까지 교육, 고용, 소득, 주거, 의료, 복지 등 다양한 분야의 개인 정보가 복지행정의 근간을 이루고 있다. 국가정책이 점차 통합적으로 이루어지면서, 행정기관이 산출한 개인 정보들도 통합의 추세를 보이고 있다. 스웨덴의 행정 데이터 통합은 국가의 역할 변화, 정보기술의 발달, EU의 정책 등에 영향을 받으면서 이루어졌다. 이 과정에서 개인정보 보호와 관련하여 해결해야 할 과제들이 지속적으로 나타나고 있기 때문에, 관련법과 제도들이 지속적으로 변화고 있다. 스웨덴 행정 데이터 통합 사례는 새롭게 복지제도를 실시하려는 후발복지국가인 한국사회에 많은 시사점을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
This paper attempts to explore the generation and a use of administrative data in Sweden since the administrative data become a key factor in the formation of the welfare state and analyses of welfare policies. From the nation-state to the contemporary welfare state, personal information about education, employment, income, dwelling, health, and welfare become the core of the welfare administration. As state’s policies become complex, an integration of administrative data generated by government organizations becomes more needed. Merge of administrative data in Sweden has been affected by the changing role of the state, information and computer technology and EU policies. New challenges associated with the protection of individuals’ information and changes in law and institutions are required. The Swedish case of administrative data shed light on South Korea, the late developer in the social welfare, in formulating new welfare policies with an exact statistical information.
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