대학생의 기업가정신과 창업교육프로그램이 창업의지와 창업행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on Entrepreneurship and the Effects of Entrepreneurship Education Program on Entrepreneurship Intention and Entrepreneurship Behavior of University Students
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평생직장의 개념이 없어진 현시대에 대학생들에게 창업은 취업의 대안적인 요인뿐만 아니라 인생 전체의 관점에서 보면 필수적인 고려사항이다. 오늘날 대한민국 대부분의 대학에서는 대학생의 창업 육성을 위하여 비교과 프로그램으로 창업동아리를 교과 프로그램으로 창업 강좌 등 창업교육 프로그램을 운영하고 있다. 기존 선행연구에서 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 기업가정신이 있다. 본 연구는 대학생의 기업가정신과 창업교육프로그램(창업동아리 참여, 창업강좌 수강) 통한 창업의지가 창업행동에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 창업공모전 참여 등 창업교육프로그램이 대학생들의 창업의지에 영향을 미치는지 실증적 연구는 일부 있지만 그 중요성에 비해 많지 않고, 기업가정신과 창업교육프로그램이 창업의지와 창업행동에 미치는 영향을 검증한 실증연구는 국내외 연구에서 찾아보고 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 창업동아리와 창업 강좌를 운영하고 있는 국내 대학 1군데를 선정하여 전체 재학생에게 온라인 설문 배포 후 회수된 127명의 설문을 실증 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 대학생의 기업가정신의 하위요인인 진취성, 위험감수성은 각각 창업의지에 유의한 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것이 확인되었으며, 혁신성은 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인 되었다. 둘째, 대학생의 창업교육프로그램의 하위요인인 창업동아리 참여는 창업의지에 유의한 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인 되었으며, 창업강좌 수강은 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 대학생의 창업의지는 창업행동에 유의한 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 넷째, 창업의지는 위험감수성, 창업동아리참여 각각의 요인과 창업행동과의 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 대학생들이 위험감수성을 높이고, 창업동아리 참여를 통하여 창업의지를 높이고, 이를 매개로 하여 창업행동에 도달 할 수 있다는 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
In today's era when the concept of a lifelong job has disappeared, starting a business is an essential consideration for university students not only as an alternative factor in finding employment, but also from the perspective of the entire life. Today, most universities in Korea are operating entrepreneurship education programs, such as entrepreneurship classes as a curriculum, and start-up clubs as a non-curricular program to foster entrepreneurship among university students. In previous studies, entrepreneurship is a factor influencing the entrepreneurship intention. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effects of university students' entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurship intention through a entrepreneurship education program (participation in a start-up club, taking an entrepreneurship course) on entrepreneurship behavior. There are some empirical studies on whether entrepreneurship education programs such as participation in startup contests affect the entrepreneurship intention of university students, but not much compared to their importance. It is difficult to find an empirical study examining the effects of entrepreneurship and start-up education programs on entrepreneurship intention and entrepreneurship behavior in domestic and foreign studies. Therefore, in this study, one domestic university that operates a start-up club and a entrepreneurship course was selected and the online questionnaire was distributed to all current students, and the collected 127 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis As a result of the study, first, it was confirmed that initiative and risk-taking, which are sub-factors of entrepreneurship of university students, had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, respectively, and that innovation did not have a significant positive effect. Second, it was confirmed that university students' participation in a start-up club, a sub-factor of the start-up education program, had a significant positive effect on their entrepreneurial intention, and that taking a start-up course did not have a significant positive effect. Third, it was confirmed that the entrepreneurial intention of university students had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship behavior. Fourth, it was confirmed that the entrepreneurial intention had a mediating effect between each of the factors of risk-taking, and participation in a start-up club and entrepreneurial behavior. This study suggests that university students can increase their risk-taking, increase their entrepreneurial intention by participating in a startup club, and reach a entrepreneurial behavior through this as a medium.
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