장재의 도가 사상에 대한 비판적 수용 및 그 생태 철학적 의미

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to intensely taking a look at the core contents of the critical accommodation on the Taoism ideology of Zhang Zai in three aspects of ontology, ethology and theory of discipline, and briefly disclosing the eco-philosophical implication along the way. In the ontology, Zhang Zai accommodated the concept of Xu (Vacuity) of the Taoism to take it as the main body, and yet he criticized the Taoism based on the thought of Tai Xu (Vacuity) is Qi. And, his attitude of critical accommodation depicted well in the meaning of ‘Heaven and earth do not act from any wish to be benevolent’ from Lao Tzu. The writer discussed the similarity of granting the meaning of the ‘benevolence in heaven and earth for the reasoning method of Zhang Zai with the inherent value concept of Callicott. On this other hand, in the ethology, Zhang Zai stated that the essence of thoughtless and mysterious of heaven is displayed in a form of nature of modest and benevolent in human that the essence of nature in Taoism and ethics of Confucianism are integrated into one. It is attributable to the reason that the ethics has its root in nature that it is similar to the fact that Leopold, Callicott and others sought the origin of ethics from nature. Lastly, in the theory of discipline, he presented the opinion of open mind with the influence of Chuang Tzu, but he opposed to Taoism and Buddhism that look at perception only in adverse views that he presented the studying method of investigation of principle to lay down the foundation of the Confucian theory of knowledge. As such, the theory of discipline of Zhang Zai that placed value on intuition and cause of reason together implies that the ecological mentality, ecological knowledge and theory of technology have to be integrated in ecological philosophy.