인도의 식민도시 고아(Goa)의 도시경관과 문화적 정체성

Abstract

Goa was colonized by the Portuguese between 1510 and 1961. During the colonization period, the Portuguese culture flowed into the Goan society, and changed much of the traditional culture of Goa. The landscape of Goa was not an exception, for the European styles heavily influenced that of Goa. In general, residential architecture shows the identity of the architecture of a city the best. The residential architecture of Goa was traditionally square-shaped, but changed to the European style. This foreign architectural style was at first adopted in religious architecture, and then gradually spread into the general residential architecture in Goa. At the beginning, Italian mannerism influenced the Goan architecture. At later period, the various types of religious architecture of Europe were absorbed and classicism became popular. Later on, the Goan residential architecture borrowed from Rococo style, while the mixture of neo-classical and neo-Gothic architecture, and of a blending of western and Goan style was also widely used. The identity of urban landscape of Goa should be sought in the European tradition rather than that in the Goan due to the heavy influence of the Portuguese. facade in a two-story house, an emphasis on the attic, the division between the horizontal and vertical in facade, and the wall pillars are the main characteristics of the Portuguese residential landscape. And these are well reflected on the Goan residential landscape. The other distinguished feature in the Goan city landscape is the neo-Gothic arch-shaped windows. It is true that the cultural identity of city landscape in Goa is found in the churches in Old Goa, which is acclaimed as the World Heritage site. However, it is not also exaggerating to say that the authentic cultural identity of Goa should be seen from the residential landscape of Panaji, where the real Goans live their lives, and shows the heavy influence from the Portuguese rule and the culture, above all.