현대 인도네시아 선거정치에서 이슬람조직의 경쟁과 협력 : 나흐다뚤 울라마와 무함마디야를 중심으로
The Competition and Cooperation of Islamic Organizations in the Present Indonesia's Election Politics: Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspects of the competition and cooperation of the Islamic organizations in the present Indonesia's electoral politics, between Nahdlatul Ulama(NU) and Muhammadiyah. They are huge Islamic organizations in Indonesia, which played part on the presidential election in 1999 and 2004. NU and Muhammadiyah formed themselves in reform period and spoke the interests of the muslim community, to participate in the election. They showed mutual cooperation throughout the presidential election in 1999. At that time, Amien Rais in Partai Amanat Nasional(PAN), a party of Muhammadiyah, was elected as a chairman of Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat(MPR). Then, Muhammadiyah catechized the cooperation, to have Abdurrahman Wahid, a chairman of NU, as the president through PAN's positive lobby with NU and several parties. As the result, the 1999's election showed the possibility to speak for the interests of muslim community and its political democratization. In fact, that election was remarkably presided by Islamic ideology and Islamic leaders. On the other hand, NU and Muhammadiyah ran for the direct presidential election -the direct presidential election of 2004- which was in force for the first time in Indonesia history. They emphasized democracy, welfare, Islamic ideology, and pragmatism with their partner. But it's take precedence for ideology than pragmatism. Even though Hasim Muzadi, a chairman of NU, became a partner with Megawati, and Salafuddin Wahid, one of vice-chairmans, became a partner with Wiranto as vice president candidates, and Amien Rais, the president PAN of Muhammadiyah,, run for election to the president Insonesia, but they were not to able to achieve their ideals. It was due to disruption, gender problem, money politics, discrepancy in ideology, lack of time for preparation, etc. Though these two organizations may cooperate together for the religion, social, and democracy, however they would still remain as competitive rivals, when it comes to the role for the interests of muslim community.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspects of the competition and cooperation of the Islamic organizations in the present Indonesia's electoral politics, between Nahdlatul Ulama(NU) and Muhammadiyah. They are huge Islamic organizations in Indonesia, which played part on the presidential election in 1999 and 2004. NU and Muhammadiyah formed themselves in reform period and spoke the interests of the muslim community, to participate in the election. They showed mutual cooperation throughout the presidential election in 1999. At that time, Amien Rais in Partai Amanat Nasional(PAN), a party of Muhammadiyah, was elected as a chairman of Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat(MPR). Then, Muhammadiyah catechized the cooperation, to have Abdurrahman Wahid, a chairman of NU, as the president through PAN's positive lobby with NU and several parties. As the result, the 1999's election showed the possibility to speak for the interests of muslim community and its political democratization. In fact, that election was remarkably presided by Islamic ideology and Islamic leaders. On the other hand, NU and Muhammadiyah ran for the direct presidential election -the direct presidential election of 2004- which was in force for the first time in Indonesia history. They emphasized democracy, welfare, Islamic ideology, and pragmatism with their partner. But it's take precedence for ideology than pragmatism. Even though Hasim Muzadi, a chairman of NU, became a partner with Megawati, and Salafuddin Wahid, one of vice-chairmans, became a partner with Wiranto as vice president candidates, and Amien Rais, the president PAN of Muhammadiyah,, run for election to the president Insonesia, but they were not to able to achieve their ideals. It was due to disruption, gender problem, money politics, discrepancy in ideology, lack of time for preparation, etc. Though these two organizations may cooperate together for the religion, social, and democracy, however they would still remain as competitive rivals, when it comes to the role for the interests of muslim community.
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