인도네시아 양대 이슬람 세력:무함마디야와 나흐다툴 울라마에 관한 연구

Abstract

Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, established in 1920s, are two major Islamic organizations in Indonesia. She is well known the biggest Islamic country in the world which has 85 percents of Moslems among 240 millions of total population (2007). Many of Islamic countries sticks to political Islam, but in Indonesia social Islam has been main stream. Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah respectively represent traditional Islamic society and modernist Islamic society in Indonesia. The first is based on farmers in the countryside of Jawa and has been strongly influenced by some elements of animism. The second consists of the learned peoples and traders in urban areas and has modern viewpoints in translating Al Qu’ran and Al Hadith, the two basic Holy Books of Islam. These two Islamic organizations do not show big differences in religious orientation. Each of them shows special attitudes of interest groups. These two groups are directly concerned in Islamic demotic society. Nahdatul Ulama mainly has exerted strong influence on the common economic interest of people, and Muhammadiyah is mainly involved in education, medical service and other functional and vocational fields. The two groups sometimes turns to politics, and showing great power. Nahdatul Ulama prefer to tackle political issues, while Muhammadiyah used to differentiate common interests and individual interests in political issues. The two groups have developed their own interest groups. As a result, Nahdatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah have become two major Islamic organizations in Indonesia, playing meaningful role to develop the common Indonesian society.