국호와 건국멸망연대로 살펴본『제왕운기』의 역사계승의식

Abstract

Jewangungi indicated a view regarding the founding year of Goguryeo and the year of founding and destruction of Balhae that differed from the general opinion. The main text of Jewangungi dates the foundation of Goguryeo as 37 B.C., but the footnote in the Chapter Baekje shows the founding date of Goguryeo to be 107 B.C. This article is focused on the significance of the date of 107 B.C. The founding date of Goguryeo in 107 B.C. is only one year from the year of 108 B.C. when Gojoseon was destroyed, which means that Goguryeo was founded immediately after the fall of Gojoseon. The fall of Gojoseon is sometimes regarded as 107 B.C., but in this case, the year of the fall of Gojoseon and the year of the founding of Goguryeo are the same. The founding of Parhae was seen as 684, not 698. In the case of Balhae, there is only a 20-year gap between the fall of Goguryeo in 668. Jewangungi moved up the founding dates of Goguryeo and Balhae, and as a result, it narrowed the gap between Gojoseon and Goguryeo, and between Goguryeo and Balhae, thereby emphasizing the sense of historical succession between the two countries. The date of the fall of Parhae is generally considered to be 926 based on Yosa but Korean records such as Jewangungi and Goryeosa specify the year as 925. These texts seem to have emphasized the year 925 when Parhae returned to Goryeo rather than the year 926 when Parhae was destroyed by the Liao Dynasty. Jewangungi also emphasized the succession of country names. By referring to Gungye’s Goryeo as “later Goryeo” rather than “later Goguryeo”, the text makes known that there was a “earlier Goryeo” before Gungye’s later Goryeo. However, Jewangungi did not refer to Goguryeo as “pre-Goryeo”. However, it was reported that Goguryeo changed the name of the country to Goryeo, which was used by Gungye and Wang Geon. Whereas Samguksagi hides the founding of Goryeo by Gungye and sees the sequence as “Goguryeo-Majin [Taebong] - Goryeo”, Jewangungi shows the development process of the country name from Goguryeo to Later Goryeo and finally Goryeo, to make evident that “Goryeo” was the country name that was steadily inherited.