일제말기(1937~1945) 인천지역 공업현황과 노동자 존재형태

Abstract

This study is aimed to explore the imperialist Japan' industrial policy and the change of laborers' organization and their state at that time. For this purpose I have examined the example of Inchon region during the Sino-Japanese in War. After the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, more than twenty machine enterprises were founded in Inchon region on a large-scale. The most of these machine industries were constructed for the purpose of producing munitions. It started to be developed industrial area in Incheon from 1939. A large number of young laborers under the age of 15~20 were mobilized in the operation of factory. The reason that they employed the laborers in this age was an easier recruitment and education, low-priced expenses. The types of these new labors were classified according to apprentices who entered a company by general collection, training labors, and persons from the vocational school. It was easy to recruit and manage the training laborers and persons from vocational school, beacause they entered through the official channels of school. Training labors and persons from the vocational school could win speedy promotion more than apprentices. But these three kinds of laborers were prohibited from free movement. Under the poor labor conditions they had to do intensive training according to needs of productive capacity expansion during the wartime. Machine and metalworking enterprises in Inchon region were munitions, so they received an army's strong regulation and supervision. Laborers were mobilized separtely and received a military style way review and a spiritual education regularly. Also the military was dispatched to every factory and encouraged the production coercively Inchon was not a special region but the characteristic region of wartime. Laborers from fifteen years to twenty years were formed newly as the first generation labors. They were robbed of an opportunity for learning a high level of technical skill, were only forced to producing munition and had to master military rules.