한국의 복장(腹藏), 경전적 의미와 해석

Abstract

Bokjang(腹藏, Sacred Object) implies various objects deposited inside Buddha statues, such as Huryungtong (候鈴筒), votive inscriptions, scripture, and ritual inserting items inside statues. It is said that the objects first started in India and came to Korea via China. In this paper, etymology and significance of Buddhist Sacred Objects, which began in the Goryeo Dynasty and used to date is studied by analyzing its scripture. Bokjang is a terminology in a Mahavaipuya Buddhavamsaka Sutra(大方廣佛華嚴經』) , which simply means organs. But it gives important meaning to Buddha’s Diamond body (金剛身) which sets up the Sacred Object (腹藏相) emphasizing only the heart. It serves as the basis for the location of the Huryungtong deposited in the heart. In China and Japan, they made internal organs (five viscera and six entrails, 五臟六) which were inserted inside the Buddha body, which are the big difference compared to those in Korea. Also it implies the originality of Korean Sacred Objects faithful to scripture interpretation. In Mahavaipuya Buddhavamsaka Sutra, the word of Bokjang(伏藏) was mentioned. Bokjang(伏藏) was hidden under the ground, or underside of the pavilion, and explained the process of the sprouts from here being converted into treasure. Bokjang(伏藏) as hidden treasure means the truth and words of the Buddha, and is equated with Buddha. In Mahayana and Esoteric scripture, Bokjang (伏藏) is described almost the same in the point of placing under the ground or into the deep place, but expressed differently in the finding way of method. Esoteric scripture emphasizes carrying and recitals of mantra recitals and rituals. On the other hand, Mahayana and the Avatamska Sutra (華嚴經) emphasize offering and scriptures reading. Therefore, the etymology of Bokjang(腹藏), used from Goryeo Dynasty to present, has been influenced by the doctrine of Mahayana scriptures such as Avatamska Sutra, and has been combined with the conscious acts appearing in the Esoteric scriptures.