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정보전으로 본 아랍-이스라엘 전쟁 약사: 1948~1973년

A Brief History of Arab-Israeli Wars, 1948 to 1973: From the Perspective of Information Warfare

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사단법인 한국민족연구원 (Korea Research Center of Ethnology)|2024.03|민족연구 (Minjok Yeonku)|제83호|pp. 12-35|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.35431/MINJOK.83.2

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정보간첩Intelligence아랍이스라엘하마스HamasIsrael팔레스타인PalestineArabSpy아랍-이스라엘 전쟁Arab-Isreal War
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초록

이 논문은 2023년 10월 7일 발발한 이스라엘-팔레스타인 전쟁이 정보전의 실패라는 배경 이해를 돕고자 1948년부터 1973년까지 4차례에 걸친 아랍-이스라엘 전쟁의역사를 정보전 측면에서 설명한다. 2023년 10월 이스라엘 네타냐후 정부는 하마스의움직임이 수상하다는 이스라엘군 정보당국의 보고를 심각하게 고려하지 않았고, 침공 1주일 전 이집트 정보당국이 건네준 첩보도 무시하여 하마스의 기습 침공으로막대한 인명피해를 입었다. 1973년 제4차 아랍-이스라엘 전쟁에서 이스라엘이 요르단의 첩보를 무시한 역사적 실수를 다시 범한 셈이다. 이스라엘의 정보력은 제1~3차아랍-이스라엘 전쟁에서 진가를 발휘하였지만, 4차 전쟁에서는 정보전에 실패하여곤욕을 치렀다. 이 논문은 1948년부터 1973년까지 4차례 아랍-이스라엘 전쟁을 정보판단의 측면에서 조망한다.

Abstract

This paper attempts to explain the history of the four Arab-Israeli wars from 1948 to 1973 from the perspective of information warfare. In doing so, it provides a context for understanding how the Israel-Hamas war that broke out on October 7, 2023, was an Israeli failure in information warfare. Israel’s Netanyahu government failed to consider seriously Israeli military intelligence regarding suspicious movements by Hamas, and ignored intelligence from Egypt a week before the invasion that caused heavy casualties. This is in line with Israel’s disregard for Jordanian intelligence during the 1973 War, whereas Israeli intelligence had proven effective in the previous three wars in 1948, 1956, and 1967. To underscore the significance of intelligence collection, analysis, and judgment, this paper discusses the four Arab-Israeli wars from 1948 to 1973 from the perspective of information warfare.

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