냉전반공주의와 발전주의의 괴물 - 국정 『고등학교 한국사』 교과서 현대사 서술 내용 분석 -

Abstract

The state-authored textbook Korean History for Highschool Students, which was released in January 2017, was born with a kind of monster in the face of political desire, excessive drive, and massive social criticism. If focusing on modern history, the characteristics of the textbook can be summarized as follows. First, the state-authored textbook was created by a mixture of the cold war anti-communism and developmentalism. The cold war anti-communism is the main force in the description from the period after liberation to the 1950s, and the developmentalism is the main force in the description after 5.16 coup d’État. Although the cold war anti-communist view of the textbooks is almost similar to the historical perception displayed by the Kyohhaksa Korean history, it used it in a far more subtle narrative method to avoid social criticism. Meanwhile, it did not use the expression “National Foundation of the Republic of Korea” but it still accepts the perception of “National Foundation Day of the Republic of Korea” argument. In addition, the post-1960s descriptions of the the textbook have shown extreme developmentalism in that they emphasize only economic development, which is different from the Kyohhaksa Korean history dedicated of its almost part to the independence and 1950s. Second, Because of a number of social criticism raised from the start of the textbook, and the impeachment of the president Park Geun-hye, the textbook was modified several times to hide its view of history more privately. The process of revision from the original version to the final version was not really the process of correcting errors or improving completeness, but rather the process of deleting problematic parts, reducing the historical meaning of events and situations, and hiding intent between the lines. However, because the whole process was carried out within a year, a serious problem was encountered in terms of completeness. As a result, the state-authored textbook was created as “Frankenstein” that did not have the original intention to nationalize history, meet the educational needs of the general public, or qualify as textbooks. The Frankenstein can only be discarded.