高句麗와 北朝의 冊封朝貢關係 - 領護東夷中郞將·領護東夷校尉의 授受와 그 의미 -

Abstract

Since the first tributary appointment relationship was forged between Koguryeo and NorthernWei(北魏) in 435, Koguryeo received appointment titles including territory protection officer titlessuch as Dongi Jungnangjang and Dongi Gyowi from various Nothern Dynasties of China includingEastern Wei(東魏) and Northern Qi(北齊). In the studies so far, such appointment titles have beenunderstood as officially recognizing Koguryeo’s independent sphere of power. That is, theappointment titles were regarded as Northern Wei’s intention to have amicable relations withKoguryeo. However, Northern Wei had no intention to officially recognize Koguryeo’s sphere of power,given that the appointment titles of Northern Wei were a political scheme for the unification ofNorthern China. Such an understanding can be confirmed from Tuyuhun(吐谷渾)’s example, whichhad been regarded as another case of Northern Wei’s officially recognizing a strong country’sindependent sphere of power. Tuyuhun was a powerful nation in the west of Northern Wei, andreceived appointment titles in the same content as the appointment titles of Koguryeo’s KingJangsu(長壽王), which were only different in terms of the proper nouns of east and west. But,Northern Wei did not recognize Tuyuhun as the ruler of the west part. Due to Northern Wei’sintervention, Tuyuhun was in the position not to solve even the disputes with neighboringcountries independently. Meanwhile, although, the Northern Wei people’s taking office of Dongi Gyowi disappearedafter 470, such a situation appeared in the Koguryeo King’s appointment title again. This is alsoregarded as Koguryeo King’s succession of the role that Northern Wei’s Dongi Gyowi played. However, this actually ignored that the appointment title of Dongi Gyowi was different from theappointment title that a local official took in terms of its attributes. The case of Seoyung Gyowi(西戎校尉) similar in terms of function tells that the acceptance of Gyowi office appointment titlecannot be a proof recognizing a prominent position in the regional world. Therefore, it seems tobe later than those days that Koguryeo had friendly relationship with Northern Wei, and that itsindependent sphere of power was recognized by Northern Wei. Concerning Koguryeo’s international status as the ruler in the regional world, the author of thispaper thinks that attention should be paid to the conversation between Northern Wei’s EmperorXuan Wen(宣文帝) and Koguryeo’s envoy in 503. Here, Northern Wei’s emperor declared thatKoguryeo should fulfil its responsibility, since he entrusted the responsibility for stability in theeastern regional world to Koguryeo. The appointment title, Dongi Gyowi, awarded subsequentlyby such a declaration, made the institutional meaning contained in the title significant. Amongmany countries that received the office of territory protection officer from Northern Wei, it can benewly ascertained that only Koguryeo’s independent sphere of power was recognized in line withits appointment title.