성경과 꾸란에 대한 아람 어와 시리안 어의 영향
Aramaic and Syriac Influence on the Bible and the Qur’ān
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Aramaic is the language of the Arameans who lived in Syria and Palestine. In the Old Testament times of the Bible, Aramaic was the language of the Northern neighbors of Israel, but it gradually became the common language(lingua franca) for political and commercial life in West Asia. In the books Ezra and Daniel of the Bible we can see Aramaic passages. Nabateans were Arabs, but in their inscriptions they used Aramaic. At the time of Jesus Christ, the language used in Galilee and Palestine was Aramaic, until the 10th century when the language of the Jews in Palestine changed to Arabic. The literary history of Syriac language starts in the 2nd century and shows the later form of Aramaic that has been heavily influenced by Greek. As Arabs began to conquer these regions in the seventh century, Arabic began to be widely used and by the 13th century, West Syriac could no longer be used as a spoken language and was only used in some isolated areas. The Hijāz dialect was used for the language of the Qur'ān. However, at the time of Muhammad, the Arabs of Hijāz engaged in trade with syrians and abyssinians (today's Ethiopians). Muhammad also went to Syria to trade. In such processes of trade, the Qur'ān was influenced by the Greco-syrian civilization and therefore the Qur'ān contains syriac vocabulary and grammatical expressions. At the time of Muhammad, Arabic of Hijāz was not pure. Most of modern Aramaic dialects were influenced by non-semitic (Kurdish, Turkish, Farsi)languages, and the Aramaic used by minorities today in Syria and Iraq were heavily influenced by Arabic. Moreover, the colloquial Arabic in today's Iraq,syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine have been influenced directly and indirectly by Aramaic. Therefore, the languages that belong to the central semitic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic have mutual genetic affiliation. Further research is necessary on Arabic verbal system and the similar Ugaritic language.
Abstract
Aramaic is the language of the Arameans who lived in Syria and Palestine. In the Old Testament times of the Bible, Aramaic was the language of the Northern neighbors of Israel, but it gradually became the common language(lingua franca) for political and commercial life in West Asia. In the books Ezra and Daniel of the Bible we can see Aramaic passages. Nabateans were Arabs, but in their inscriptions they used Aramaic. At the time of Jesus Christ, the language used in Galilee and Palestine was Aramaic, until the 10th century when the language of the Jews in Palestine changed to Arabic. The literary history of Syriac language starts in the 2nd century and shows the later form of Aramaic that has been heavily influenced by Greek. As Arabs began to conquer these regions in the seventh century, Arabic began to be widely used and by the 13th century, West Syriac could no longer be used as a spoken language and was only used in some isolated areas. The Hijāz dialect was used for the language of the Qur'ān. However, at the time of Muhammad, the Arabs of Hijāz engaged in trade with syrians and abyssinians (today's Ethiopians). Muhammad also went to Syria to trade. In such processes of trade, the Qur'ān was influenced by the Greco-syrian civilization and therefore the Qur'ān contains syriac vocabulary and grammatical expressions. At the time of Muhammad, Arabic of Hijāz was not pure. Most of modern Aramaic dialects were influenced by non-semitic (Kurdish, Turkish, Farsi)languages, and the Aramaic used by minorities today in Syria and Iraq were heavily influenced by Arabic. Moreover, the colloquial Arabic in today's Iraq,syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine have been influenced directly and indirectly by Aramaic. Therefore, the languages that belong to the central semitic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic have mutual genetic affiliation. Further research is necessary on Arabic verbal system and the similar Ugaritic language.
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