우간다의 종교와 사회적 자본의 상관관계 연구 - 우간다 중부 카치리 지역을 중심으로
Research on Relationship between Religion and Social Capital in Uganda - In the case of Kakiri, Central Uganda
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본 논문의 목적은 우간다 사회 및 정치에 주요한 입지를 차지하고 있는 와키소군 카치리 지역의 종교와 사회적 자본의 상관관계를 규명하는 것이다. 이 연구의 대상은 종교의 교리, 조직 및 역사와 같은 종교 내부의 특질이 아닌 사회 결사체로서의 종교와 사회적 자본의 외적 관계이며 이를 분석하기 위하여 통계 방법을 사용하였다. 지금까지 종교와 사회적 자본에 대한 선행 연구들은 다음과 같은 네 가지 주장을 하고 있다. 첫째, 종교와 사회적 자본은 서로 음의 관계를 가지고 있다. 둘째, 종교는 사회적 자본과 양의 관계를 가지고 있다. 셋째, 종교는 사회적 자본에 어떠한 영향도 미치고 있지 못하다. 넷째, 위의 세 연구 모델이 복합적으로 나타난다. 본 연구는 우간다에서 중요한 입지를 가지고 있는 와키소, 카치리 지역에서 종교와 종교성을 독립 변수로 태도, 개인 신뢰, 정체성, 일반 신뢰도, 협력을 종속변수로 설정하여 통계 분석을 하였다. 분석 결과, 태도나 신뢰, 정체성에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있는 것은 오순절 종파가 유일하며 타종교, 타종파 및 종교성은 어떠한 영향도 미치고 있지 못하였다. 이 결과는 카치리 지역에서 오순절 종파를 따르고 있는 지역민들은 그들의 종교적 열성과는 관계없이 타종파 및 타종교에 비하여 통계적으로 유의미한 수준에서 높은 사회적 자본을 가지고 있음을 보여준다. 이는 선행 연구들 중 종교와 사회적 자본을 복합적 관계로 보고 있는 네 번째 연구 모델이 우간다 지역에서도 일부 실증되고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 아프리카를 대상으로 한 종교와 사회적 자본의 상관관계 연구가 없었음을 고려 할 때 본 논문은 이 관계를 경험연구를 통하여 분석하고 양자의 복합적인 관계를 증명하였다는 데서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to identify the relationship between social capital and religion in Kakiri, Wakiso district in Uganda which plays the crucial role in cultural politics. This study does not focus on the internal properties and characteristics of religion such as system, creed, organization and history. Rather it deals with religion as a social association. Social capital can be defined as value, system, regulation, attitude and network of members to make socio-economic development. This concept has been developed since neoclassical economists. The researches in Africa is recently flourished since social capital is considered as a component of sustainable development. Previous studies indicates the different relationship between religion and social capital. A group of scholars argues that religion and social capital has negative relation. It means that people who has religion attain lower social capital. Another group shows that religion does not have impact on social capital. According to their analysis, religion is not concerned to social capital. The other group insists that religion has positive impact on social capital. Their empirical analysis shows that people who has religion has higher social capital. According to the last group, three arguments above are complexively weaved. The purpose of this article is to analyse empirically religion and social capital in Kakiri, Central Uganda. It focuses on religions and religiosity as a independent variable and attitude and trust, and identity and general trust of trust and cooperation category as dependent variable. As a result, religiosity does not have impact on neither attitude and trust nor identity and general trust. However, pentecostalism among religions in Kakiri has valid affect on both attitude and trust, and identity and general trust. It shows the relevant result as the fourth group of previous studies. In the consideration of ethnic, religious and cultural diversity in Uganda, Kakiri case cannot represent Uganda. Further study is requested to clarify cultural, ethnic and political identify of pentecostalism at Kakiri.
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