디지털 문자의 생태학적 접근
Ecological Approach to Digital Writing
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디지털 글쓰기를 비롯해 인공지능의 파상적 도래와 더불어 제작되는 글쓰기 기계들과 문자 로봇들은 문자 기호 생산의 행동 주체성(agency)의 문제를 야기한다. 기존의 문자 이론에서 쓰기의 주체는 당연히 인간이라는 점이 가정되었다는 점에서 디지털 문자 생태계는 완전히 새로운 양상들을 촉발하고 있는 것이다. 특히, 프랑스 단어 ‘에크리튀르’(écriture)의 다의성 자크 데리다, 『그라마톨로지』, 김성도 옮김, 민음사, 2010. 에서 목격할 수 있듯이, 디지털 혁명과 더불어 문자의 외연은 놀라운 속도로 팽창되어가고 있다. 여기에서 강조할 사실은 디지털 매체 혁명은 무엇보다 문자 혁명과 글쓰기 혁명과 직결되어 있다는 점이다. 특히 인공지능의 발전과 더불어 등장한 글쓰기 기계는 문자의 본질과 글쓰기의 실천들과 관련된 복잡한 문제들을 제기하고 있다. 요컨대, 문자는 근본적으로 하나의 테크닉이며, 물질적 차원과 더불어 상징적, 즉 문화적 차원을 겸비하고 있다. 이 같은 관점에서 본다면, 컴퓨터는 문자 언어의 외연에 대해 엄청난 영향력을 행사하는 다원적이면서도 복잡한 기계라고 정의될 수 있다.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss the question of agency in writing in considering the importance of writing machines and robots produced as artificial intelligence develops, including digital writing. The ecology of digital writing is triggering entirely new aspects in modifying the common assumption that only humans have been assumed to be the writer in the conventional writing theory. In particular, as shown by the polysemy of the French word “écriture,” the extension of the writing is rapidly expanding with the digital revolution. One should insist that the digital media revolution is directly related to the writing revolution. In particular, writing machines that have emerged with the development of artificial intelligence pose complex problems associated with the nature and the practices of writing. In short, to understand the nature of today's digital technologies, it is necessary to explore the properties and functions of writing. From this perspective, computers can be defined as multidisciplinary machines having a tremendous impact on the extension of a written language.
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