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국제 정의의 정치적 구성: 롤즈의 『만민법』을 중심으로

Politically Constructing International Justice: with reference to Rawls’s The Law of Peoples

인지훈
평화연구소 (Hanyang Peace Institute)|2023.06|문화와 정치 (Culture and Politics)|제10권 제2호|pp. 5-31|DOI 10.22539/culpol.2023.10.2.5

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참고문헌

키워드

자율성AutonomyRawls롤즈실천이성만민법Practical Reason정치적 구성주의Political ConstructivismThe Law of Peoples

초록

『정의론』에 이은 『정치적 자유주의』와 『만민법』의 연속된 출판은 롤즈 사상 전반의 일관성에 대한 새로운 문제를 제기한다. 비판가들은 롤즈 초기의 주장이 본인의 다른 저술들에 의해 파손되거나 적어도 약화되었다고 지적한다. 하지만 이러한 비판은 롤즈 이론에서 형식(form)이 차지하는 의미를 간과하고 있다. 롤즈의 정치적 구성주의는 정의의 원칙을 도출해내기 위한 수단에 그치는 것이 아니라 사회 정의에 대한 실질적인 입장을 포함하고 있다. 국제 정의에 대한 롤즈의 주장을 오해 없이 이해하기 위해선 그의 방법론적 형식에 대한 이 해가 필수적이다. 이 논문은 롤즈의 구성적 방법을 정의에 대한 하나의 입장으로 재해석할 때 『만민법』의 주장들과 초기 정의관 사이의 일관성을 확인할 수 있다고 주장한다. 이를 위해 원초적 입장, 반성적 평형, 공적 이성으로 이루어 지는 정치적 구성주의의 형식적 구조가 정당화의 목적을 달성하는 방식을 검토한 뒤, 실천이성과 자율성의 요소가 이와 같은 구조에 실질적인 입장 또한 부여 한다는 사실을 밝히도록 한다.

Abstract

Rawls’s Political Liberalism and The Law of Peoples following A Theory of Justice raise a new question about the consistency of his entire system of thought. Critics have pointed out that his early arguments were damaged or at least weakened by other writings. However, they overlooked the meaning of ‘form’ in his theory. The political constructivism is not just a means to derive principles of justice, but also includes a substantial position on social justice. Grasping his claim to international justice, it is essential to understand his methodological form. The purpose of the paper is to reveal that The Law of Peoples is consistent with the initial view of justice by reinterpreting the constructive method. To this end, the formal structure of political constructivism, which consists of original position, reflective equilibrium, and public reason, is examined in the way how it achieves the purpose of justification, and then how elements of practical reason and autonomy give the substantial position to that structure.

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