A Comparative Study on the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Water and Ethanol Extracts of Papaver rhoeas L. as a Cosmetic Material
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To evaluate the potential of Papaver rhoeas L.(P.rhoeas) as a cosmetic material, we compared the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of its P.rhoeas water extract (PWE) and P.rhoeas 70% ethanol extract (PEE) and assessed formulation safety. PWE exhibited stronger free radical scavenging activity than PEE against DPPH and ABTS+. The total phenolic content was 10.2 mg TAE/g (PWE) and 8.51 mg TAE/g (PEE), and the total flavonoid content was 20.26 mg QE/g (PWE) and 18.83 mg QE/g (PEE). In RAW 264.7 macrophages, both extracts maintained ≥100% cell viability up to 400 µg/mL, indicating no cytotoxicity, and each inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–treated cells. Notably, PEE more effectively suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expressions than PWE, thereby further reducing NO synthesis. A cosmetic formulation containing PWE showed no phase separation or discoloration at 4, 25, or 50 °C, and pH and viscosity exhibited no substantial changes, indicating that the extract did not adversely affect formulation stability. Collectively, these findings support the feasibility of using P.rhoeas extracts as natural cosmetic materials.
Abstract
To evaluate the potential of Papaver rhoeas L.(P.rhoeas) as a cosmetic material, we compared the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of its P.rhoeas water extract (PWE) and P.rhoeas 70% ethanol extract (PEE) and assessed formulation safety. PWE exhibited stronger free radical scavenging activity than PEE against DPPH and ABTS+. The total phenolic content was 10.2 mg TAE/g (PWE) and 8.51 mg TAE/g (PEE), and the total flavonoid content was 20.26 mg QE/g (PWE) and 18.83 mg QE/g (PEE). In RAW 264.7 macrophages, both extracts maintained ≥100% cell viability up to 400 µg/mL, indicating no cytotoxicity, and each inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–treated cells. Notably, PEE more effectively suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expressions than PWE, thereby further reducing NO synthesis. A cosmetic formulation containing PWE showed no phase separation or discoloration at 4, 25, or 50 °C, and pH and viscosity exhibited no substantial changes, indicating that the extract did not adversely affect formulation stability. Collectively, these findings support the feasibility of using P.rhoeas extracts as natural cosmetic materials.