清中期 滿洲人의 일상 속 族長의 역할

Abstract

There was the clan leader who represented each clan in the niru, a basic social unit of the Eight Banners in the Qing Period. The precedent research onthe role of the Manchus clan leader mainly covered the roles related to the clan leader’s clan activities, such as supervision of the ancestral rites, management of kinsmen’s property, compilation of the genealogy, an adoptive son issue within the clan. They described that the Manchus were also formed based on a similar index of the clan formation to the Han people who appeared in the Manchus clan. Manchus were a bannerman who all belonged to Eight Banners, and various standards of Eight Banners greatly affected the large part of their daily life. In this regard, the formation of the Manchus clan and the role of the clan leader were also affected by Eight Banners. However, it is not easy to find an attempt to examine the contact point with Eight Banners other than an effort to find out a contact point with the Han people clan. The reason is to explain the index of the clan formation as a phenomenon of Manchus’ assimilating into Han people. This paper focused on the relation between the head of the Manchus clan who was the top leadership of the clan and Eight Banners and researched the position of the head of the Manchus clan in niru and the role of the clan leader in the daily life of bannerman. Unlike the head of the Han people clan, the Manchus clan leader complied with Qing regulations and selected those with high official positions within the clan. There is a reason why Qing did not weigh on selecting a formal government official but the clan leader; it is because the clan leader took the role of managing and supervising Manchu’s daily life on the front lines. Qing sovereign tried to edify Manchus through imperial edict and directives in order for Manchus to maintain the ruling group’s dignity. Because an emperor’s order was delivered to the bannerman by the clan leader, the clan leader was justified to control kinsmen based on imperial edict and directive. In addition, the clan leader specified kinsmen’s daily life control and authority of punishment granted by an emperor in the family regulation, so that he emphasized the authority of managing kinsmen. It is the Manchus clan’s characteristic that specified the authority of the clan leader in the clan’s lessons. It was because the clan leader was the subject who was the most severely punished after offenders.