시진핑 시기 부동산 영역의 정책에 대한 연구 - 사영분야에 미친 영향을 중심으로 -
Analysis of China’s Real Estate Policy during the Xi Jinping Era - Focusing on Its Impact on the Private Sector -
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초록
중국의 부동산 영역은 국가 발전에 중요한 동력으로 평가된다. 1990년대 후반 이래 중국의 부동산 영역은 빠르게 성장하였고, 중국의 경제성장, 금융위기의 극복과 주민 주택 수요 충족 등에 중요한 공헌을 하였던 것으로 이해되었다. 그러나 한편으로 가파른 주택 가격 상승이 초래할 수 있는 잠재적 위험성과 부동산 시장의 거품이 초래할 수 있는 잠재적 위험성에 따라 최근 당국은 주택의 투기 불가 방침을 지속적으로 강조하고 있으며, 부동산 영역에 대한 부채의 통제를 강화하게 되었고, 공동부유의 방침을 강조하는 정책적 기조를 보이게 되었다. 일련의 정책들은 부동산 사영기업들의 융자 압박을 심화시켰으며, 부채감소와 실적 개선을 실행하지 못한 기업들의 파산, 대형 사영기업들의 채무불이행을 초래하였다. 한편으로, 국유기 업의 채무불이행으로 어려워진 사영기업 프로젝트 인수, 토지매입 시장에서 국유기업 진출 등의 부동산 영역의 국진민퇴 현상이 나타 나게 되었으며, 어려움에 처한 부동산 기업들의 주택 건설 중단과 이에 반발한 수분양자들의 대대적인 주택 담보대출 상환의 거부 현상 등이 야기되었다. 그에 따라 당국은 문제의 해결을 위한 일련의 정책을 제시하여 이에 대응하고자 하였다. 다만, 최근 부동산 영역에 영향을 주었던 주요 정책적 기조의 지속, 도시 주민의 부동산에 대한 심리적 위축 현상, 부동산 영역에 대한 대외적인 불신 등의 문제는 향후 고민이 필요한 과제들로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
China’s real estate sector has been a crucial factor for national development. Since the late 1990s, China’s real estate sector has achieved rapid development, and it has contributed to China’s rapid economic growth, overcoming the financial crisis and satisfying residential demand. On the other hand, some pointed out the potential risks of the real estate sector, such as skyrocketing housing prices and property market bubbles. These issues led the authorities to emphasize policies such as non-speculation of housing, strengthening debt control over the property sector, and Common Prosperity. These policies intensified the financial pressure on private firms, and large private companies in real estate claimed default. Also, the policies brought about the advance of state-owned enterprises into the real estate sector and the home buyers’ refusal of the mortgage payment on unfinished construction. Accordingly, the authorities proposed a series of policies to deal with these problems. However, there remained issues such as the authorities’ continuing repressive policies on the property sector, urban residents’ low expectations and outlook of real estate, and distrust of foreign observers.
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