수혈식석곽묘 조사방법에 대한 검토 -‘함안 도항리 삼양인트로빌신축부지 내 유적’예를 중심으로-

Abstract

The vertical entrance stone-lined burial is the representative burial type of Gaya. The architectural features of this burial type, as well as the various artifacts excavated from the structure, have provided important information for the archaeological study of Gaya. Studies on vertical entrance stone-lined burials until now have generally focused on chronology and political systems, through form classification and attribute analysis of architectural features and grave goods. Due to this tendency, the investigation of vertical entrance stone-lined burials carried out in the field has also tended to focus on the superficial observation of burial structure, size and grave goods. The recent increase in the excavation of mounded tombs has led to active discussions on methods for excavating the mound structure of these tombs. Such discussions were possible due to the existence of data such as dividing stone lines, sectioned earth layers and bags filled with clay. However, in the case of the stone wall of the burial chamber, investigation has still focused on observing superficial phenomena. This paper addresses the problems and limitations of the previous method of investigating the stone wall feature of vertical entrance stone-lined burials, and attempts to search for an investigation method which may provide a wider range of information, as has been achieved for burial mounds. Therefore, recently implemented investigation methods are reviewed and their problems are pointed out. In addition, through the actual excavation of burials, attempts are made to modify investigation methods in order to overcome the problems and limitations of the existing method. Regarding the modification of investigation methods, the stone walls are classified according to function. Preliminary investigation is carried out on the stone walls in order confirm the construction process, as well as expected characteristics of the construction process. The newly established investigation method is then tested through actual excavation. Next, the results obtained through the modified investigation method are assessed and the utility of the modified method is reviewed. Results obtained through the modified investigation method include an understanding of the specific process of constructing the stone wall. Observation of the soil layers of the earth backfill and the slope angle of the burial pit wall led to an understanding of the specific construction process, and this made it possible to confirm that the earth backfill was deposited in layers which corresponded to the construction process of the stone wall, as well as that the burial pit wall also evidenced layers which had different slope angles. It is possible to assume that these separate stages of the construction process were closely related to when the corpse was interred. The information obtained regarding the different components of the burial structure demonstrates the utility of an excavation method. The excavation method was modified and supplemented according to the excavation results, and the final modified excavation method for vertical entrance stone-lined burials was presented. Finally, based on the results obtained through this modified excavation method, the construction process of the burial's stone wall was restored, and the method's utility and limitations were reviewed.