리더의 의사소통 방식이 집단 극화 및 정보 표집 편향에 미치는 영향 - 한국의 수직적 위계질서 중심 문화에 대한 고찰을 중심으로-
Leader's Influence on Members' Information Sharing Pattern and Group Polarization
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참고문헌
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초록
현대사회에서 토론문화는 정치적 활동을 하는 정당이나 경제적 활동을 하는 기업 등의 의사결정의 중심에 자리 잡고 있으며, 정당이나 기업 등의 집단의 리더는 집단 의사 결정의 질적 우수성 향상에 주요한 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 수직적 위계질서를 중요시하는 한국의 유교문화와 관련하여, 집단 의사결정을 위한 토론 시에 리더의 의견 및 의사소통 방식이 구성원들의 정보 공유 양상과 집단의사 결정에 미치는 영향을 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 인과관계 분석의 타당도를 높이기 위하여 혼동 변수들을 통제할 수 있는 실험 설계를 사용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 리더가 선호하는 대안의 존재 여부 및 타 구성원들과의 일치성이 의사결정에서의 집단 극화 현상에 미치는 영향을 검토하였을 때, 구성원들의 선호도가 리더의 대안에 대한 선호도와 같았던 경우 토론 후 집단 의사결정에서 극화 현상이 더 크게 나타난 반면, 리더와 구성원들의 초기 의견이 달랐던 집단이나 리더가 토론 전에 대안에 대한 선호도를 형성하지 않았던 집단의 경우에는 극화 현상이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 둘째, 리더와 구성원들이 선호하는 대안이 일치하는 정도에 따른 정보 교류 양상의 차이를 살펴 본 결과, 구성원들은 리더가 선호하는 대상에 대한 긍정적인 정보를 더 많이 교류했으며, 리더가 특정 대안에 대한 선호도를 가지고 있지 않은 집단에 속하는 개별 구성원들은 자신만이 개별적으로 보유하고 있는 고유 정보를 다른 구성원들과 더 많이 공유하는 경향을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 리더가 개인적으로 선호하는 대안의 존재 여부를 집단극화에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소로 간주하여, 리더가 선호하는 대안이 있는 경우, 구성원들이 선호하는 대안과 리더의 선호대안이 일치하는 정도가 구성원들이 토론에 대한 주관적인 만족감을 인식하는 수준에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며, 이에 대한 결과는 리더의 선호도와 상이한 선호도를 가지고 있는 구성원들이 토론에 대해 가지는 주관적인 만족감이 가장 낮은 것으로 드러났다. 이와 같은 분석결과들을 토대로 본 논문에서는 리더와 구성원간의 수직적 상하관계의 강조로 인해 집단 내 권력이 균등하게 배분되기 어려운 한국의 집단주의 문화 속에서 효과적인 토론문화를 형성하기 위한 리더의 행동과 역할에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The current study examined the causal relationship between the existence of leader's initial preference previously chosen before the group discussion and group polarization and sharing unshared information during group discussion, especially in the Confucian cultural tradition emphasizing hierarchical relationships. There were two experimental groups and control group: the groups which the leader and the members have the same preference, the groups which the leader and the members have the different preference, and the control groups which the leader does not have initial preference. The results showed that when leader and the members had the same initial preference, after discussion, the degree of group polarization was statistically significantly larger than the other two groups. Second, when the leader had the preference, the members shared more of positive information regarding the leader's preference than the leader did not have any preference. Also, when members shared more of unshared information when did not have any preference. Third, the group members were least satisfied with the discussion when their leaders have different initial preference with them. Overall, it is found that leaders' initial preferences influence group discussion and the decision quality.
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