在租界社会建构国族认同： 对上海德国学校早期发展的考察
Constructing National Identity in International Settlement: The Early Development of the German School in Shanghai
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上海德国学校(又称“上海威廉皇帝学校”)成立于1895年, 是德国在东亚的第一所侨民学校。它源于德国新教同善会牧师所开设的小型教学班, 在早期发展阶段与教会保持密切的联系, 更得到了上海德国社区、德意志帝国政府, 以及德国本土人士等多方面的支持。与其他外侨学校类似, 上海德国学校在课程、教师和学生等方面尤其注意维持本国特色, 同时也受所在城市环境的影响做出适应性调整。学校自创立伊始, 便不仅作 为教育场所, 也成为与上海德国社区存在密切关联和互动的公共空间, 经常参与举办带有民族国家色彩的仪式和庆典活动。通过这一案例, 可 以从教育和文化视角审视近代外国侨民与其祖国及中国之间的关系, 探讨其在上海租界建构国族认同的过程, 深入理解外侨学校在其中扮演的角色。
Abstract
German School in Shanghai(also known as Kaiser Wilhelm Schule in Shanghai) was established in 1895 as the first German school in East Asia. It originated from a small class organized by a pastor of Allgemeiner Evangelisch-Protestantischer Missionsverein and in the beginning maintained a close connection with the church. Its development was significantly supported by the German community in Shanghai, the German Empire, and the German people. Similar to other foreigners’ schools, German School in Shanghai placed particular emphasis on preserving national characteristics in its curriculum, faculty, and student while making adaptive adjustments in response to the influence of the city where it was located. Since its establishment, the school served not only as an educational institution but also as a public space that fostered connections and interactions with German community in Shanghai, regularly collaborating ceremonies and activities imbued with ethnic and patriotic elements. In this case study, we can examine the relationship between foreigners and their motherland as well as China through the lens of education and culture, explore the process of its construction of national identity in Shanghai International Settlement and gain insights into the role that foreigners' school plays in this process.