부산지역 출토 철모로 본 가야·신라의 창병(槍兵)운용

Abstract

It is highly likely that the periodic change of the spearheads in the Three Kingdoms period projects changes in martial arts and further tactics. In order to find a clue to this part, this paper tried to estimate the operation method of the spearheads in the Three Kingdoms period, albeit weakly. As previously pointed out, spearheads in the Three Kingdoms period shares the common change of 'cross-sectional convex lens type → square type, having bar type → having no bar type, and flatted-soket type → tail of swallow-soket type' regardless of region, except for a few with strong decorative properties. This can be said to be the result of optimizing the function as a weapon. Therefore, in this paper, the discussion was conducted on the premise that regional differences were not noticeable in the case of the main spearheads for practical use. For a more detailed analysis, the regional scope was narrowed to target the representative ancient tombs of the Three Kingdoms period in Busan. First of all, through the analysis of the spearheads excavated from these relics, the form was set, and it was examined what types of spearhead that occupy the mainstream by period were examined. Next, we reviewed the functional characteristics of the spearhead that occupies the mainstream and examined fragmentarily whether this reflects changes in martial arts or tactics. As a result of the review, it was found that the operation of the Gaya-Silla spearman was divided into five stages. Stage I is the period from around AD to the second half of the 3rd century. Spearheads in the type of Ⅰ가A·Ⅰ가B of the cutting function is dominated. Stage II is the first half of the 4th century. Equations type of Ⅱ나B·Ⅱ나C appear anew. However, it is still confirmed that the spearheads of the cutting function is high in proportion, and spears(槍) and curved spears(曲刀), which are weapons for cutting other than spearheads, are identified. Stage III is the second half of the 4th century. Spearheads are scattered in many types, but among them, the amount of excavations of Type Ⅱ나C of stabbing function is increasing. Stage IV is the period in the first half of the 5th century. Type Ⅱ나C of stabbing function shows a high excavation rate. Stage V is after the second half of the 5th century. Type Ⅱ나C and 무C of stabbing function dominate.