대학생 고용가능성 CareerEDGE모형에 대한 재연구 : 한국과 미국 대학 비교
Revisiting the CareerEDGE Model of Undergraduates’ Employability : Comparison between South Korean and American university
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고용가능성은 원하는 일자리를 구하고 고용상태를 유지하기 위해 자신의 잠재성을 실현하는 역량이다. 동·서양이 취업품질을 대학교육의 유효성으로 인식하면서 고용가능성개발에 주목하고 있다. 본 연구는 대학생의 고용가능성을 제고하기 위한 시사점을 얻고자, 한국과 미국 대학을 대상으로 CareerEDGE모형을 비교·분석하였다. 이 모형은 현재까지 축적된 고용가능성 연구성과를 집대성한 성과물로 인정받고 있으며, 선진대학들은고용가능성을 높이는 교육서비스를 제공하고자 이를 적용하고 있다. 한국 대학생(169명)과 미국 대학생(195명)의 설문자료를 분석하여 CareerEDGE모형의 5가지 하위구성요소모두 고용가능성과 밀접한 연관성이 있음을 검증하였고, 다음의 의미 있는 차이도 발견하였다. 첫째, 한국 대학생은 ‘전공에 대한 지식, 이해 및 기술’이 고용가능성에 가장 큰영향을 미치는 요소지만, 미국 대학생은 ‘경력개발학습’으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고용가능성에가장 작은 영향을 미치는 요소로는, 한국 대학생은 ‘일과 삶의 경험’을, 미국 대학생은 ‘일상 기술’을 들었다. 셋째, 회귀계수 동등성 검증을 통해 미국 대학생보다 한국 대학생은 ‘전공에 대한 지식, 이해 및 기술’과 ‘일상 기술’이 취업에 더 큰 영향을 미친다고 인식하였다. 본 연구 결과는 CareerEDGE모형과 고용가능성 간의 상호작용을 규명했을뿐 아니라, 한국과 미국 대학생의 고용가능성에 대한 선행요인을 비교·분석함으로써 취업 역량을 효과적으로 강화하는 데 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
This study conducted a comparative examination of the CareerEDGE modelamong Korean and American undergraduates, aiming to derive insights toenhance their employability. Employability is gaining attention as thecompetency to fulfill one’s potential to secure and sustain employment in adesired occupation. The CareerEDGE model is esteemed as a comprehensiveintegration of prior research outcomes and has been employed by highereducation institutions to deliver educational services that can improve students’employability. Through an analysis of survey data obtained from 169 Koreanand 195 American students, all five elements of the CareerEDGE modelexhibited robust effects on employability. Moreover, noteworthy distinctionsspecific to each country have been presented in our findings. First, Koreanstudents’ employability was primarily influenced by ‘degree subject knowledge,understanding & skills,’ whereas American students prioritize ‘careerdevelopment learning.’ Second, ‘experience in work & life’ had the least impacton employability of Korean students, while American students’ employabilitywas least influenced by ‘general skills.’ Third, Korean students perceived ‘degreesubject knowledge, understanding & skills’ and ‘general skills’ as more impactfulon employability than American students in the regression coefficient equalitytest. These findings hold academic significance by identifying the relationshipand interaction among the elements of the CareerEDGE model andemployability. Additionally, the differences in employability antecedents revealed in the two countries’ undergraduates are expected to provide practicalimplications for higher education institutions and students to strengthen theiremployment competencies.
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