고려전기 다중심적 국제질서는 ‘황제국 체제’의 성립·운용과 상관관계가 있었을까? - 베트남 사례와의 비교를 통해서 -
Was There a Correlation Between the Polycentric International Order and the Establishment and Operation of the 'Imperial System' in the Early Koryŏ Period?
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This article critically examines the conventional view that the imperial system This article critically examines the conventional view that the imperial system in the early Koryŏ(高麗) period was established and operated within a polycentric international order. This view is supported not by empirical evidence but by circumstantial logic derived from the mono-national imagination, whose validity is highly questionable when viewed outside the constraints of this imagination. Specifically, the limitations and problems of this conventional view are revealed when compared to Vietnam, taking into account Vietnam’s history. Whether in the Korean Peninsula or Vietnam, the nature of the international order, whether polycentric or hegemonic, did not act as a variable in determining the patterns of the national system(國制) implemented domestically. The significant changes in the national system of Koryŏ during the period when the Mongol emerged as the hegemonic power in East Asia were not due to a shift from a polycentric to a hegemonic international order. Instead, it was because Koryŏ became subjugated to the Mongol(Yuan), and the unique Mongol style of governance was enforced upon Koryŏ as a vassal state. In an academic atmosphere that has primarily viewed history from a mono-national perspective and superficially considered the context of national system realization over different periods, the historical developments since the subjugation to the Yuan have illogically influenced the retrospective attribution of the causes of the early Koryŏ period’s national system realization to a polycentric international order. This decontextualized retrospective application overlooks the critical factor of Koryŏ’s subjugation to the Mongol(Yuan), which played a decisive role in changing national system patterns, and instead simplistically attributes national system changes to the emergence of a hegemonic order as the variable of change.
Abstract
This article critically examines the conventional view that the imperial system This article critically examines the conventional view that the imperial system in the early Koryŏ(高麗) period was established and operated within a polycentric international order. This view is supported not by empirical evidence but by circumstantial logic derived from the mono-national imagination, whose validity is highly questionable when viewed outside the constraints of this imagination. Specifically, the limitations and problems of this conventional view are revealed when compared to Vietnam, taking into account Vietnam’s history. Whether in the Korean Peninsula or Vietnam, the nature of the international order, whether polycentric or hegemonic, did not act as a variable in determining the patterns of the national system(國制) implemented domestically. The significant changes in the national system of Koryŏ during the period when the Mongol emerged as the hegemonic power in East Asia were not due to a shift from a polycentric to a hegemonic international order. Instead, it was because Koryŏ became subjugated to the Mongol(Yuan), and the unique Mongol style of governance was enforced upon Koryŏ as a vassal state. In an academic atmosphere that has primarily viewed history from a mono-national perspective and superficially considered the context of national system realization over different periods, the historical developments since the subjugation to the Yuan have illogically influenced the retrospective attribution of the causes of the early Koryŏ period’s national system realization to a polycentric international order. This decontextualized retrospective application overlooks the critical factor of Koryŏ’s subjugation to the Mongol(Yuan), which played a decisive role in changing national system patterns, and instead simplistically attributes national system changes to the emergence of a hegemonic order as the variable of change.
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