상징적 인종차별이 미국 최초 흑인 대통령의 정책 수행평가에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
The Impact of Symbolic Racism on the Evaluation of President Obama’s Dealing with Racial and Non-Racial Policies
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본 논문은 상징적 인종차별 이론을 통해 오늘날 미국 사회에서 교묘한 방식으로 진행되고 있는 흑인에 대한 인종차별의 근원과 상징적 인종차별의 정치적 영향력을 살펴보고자 한다. 상징적 인종차별을 구성하는 핵심요소는 흑인에 대한 부정적 감정과 미국인의 삶의 태도이자 직업 윤리관을 반영하는 미국적 전통 가치들이었다. 본 논문의 목적은 과거와 차별되어 진행되고 있는 흑인에 대한 인종 차별 현상인 상징적 인종차별이 미국 최초 흑인 대통령의 정책수행 평가에 미치는 영향력을 경험적으로 분석하는데 있다. 특히 분석 정책 영역 선택에 있어 상징적 인종차별이 잘 드러나는 영역인 인종 정책 뿐 아니라 인종과 전혀 관련 없는 정책 분야인 경제 정책과 외교 정책 분야에서도 상징적 인종 차별의 영향력이 발휘되는가를 주목하였다. 통계 분석을 통해 발견한 흥미로운 사실은 흑인 대통령의 정책 수행 능력을 평가하는데 있어 상징적 인종 차별은 그 영역이 인종과 관련이 있는지 여부와 상관없이 중요한 요소였으며 그 영향력 역시 상당했다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the theories of symbolic racism and examine whether symbolic racism still does exist in America. The core components of symbolic racism are antiblack affect and traditional values of America such as individualism and egalitarianism. To examine the political impact of symbolic racism, logit analysis is conducted to examine whether symbolic racism influence the evaluation of handling important policies of President Obama, the first black president in the United States. The research particularly focus on whether symbolic racism play a critical role in evaluating President Obama's dealing with non-racial policies. The empirical results prove that symbolic racism have effect on not only race related policies but also non-racial policies such as economy and foreign affair.
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